Giảm bớt khả năng hỗ trợ của các tiềm năng phản xạ vận động trong tổn thương tủy sống không hoàn toàn

Aranyi Z, Mathis J, Hess CW, Rosler KM (1998) Task–dependent facilitation of motor evoked potentials during dynamic and steady muscle contractions. Muscle Nerve 21(10):1309–1316 Bawa P, Chalmers GR, Stewart H, Eisen AA (2002) Responses of ankle extensor and flexor motoneurones to transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurophysiol 88(1):124–132 Brouwer B, Ashby P, Midroni G (1989) Excitability of corticospinal neurons during tonic muscle contractions in man. Exp Brain Res 74(3):649–652 Buhler R, Magistris MR, Treffert A, Hess CW, Rosler KM (2001) The triple stimulation technique to study central motor conduction to the lower limbs. Clin Neurophysiol 112(5):938–949 Capaday C, Lavoie BA, Barbeau H, Schneider C, Bonnard M (1999) Studies on the corticospinal control of human walking: I. Responses to focal transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex. J Neurophysiol 81(1):129–139 Christensen LO, Andersen JB, Sinkjaer T, Nielsen J (2001) Transcranial magnetic stimulation and stretch reflexes in the tibialis anterior muscle during human walking. J Physiol 531(2):545–557 Clamann HP (1993) Motor unit recruitment and the gradation of muscle force. Phys Ther 73(12):830–843 Claus D, Weis M, Spitzer A (1991) Motor potentials evoked in tibialis anterior by single and paired cervical stimuli in man. Neurosci Lett 125(2):198–200 Curt A, Keck ME, Dietz V (1998) Functional outcome following spinal cord injury: Significance of motor–evoked potentials. Arch Phys Med Rehab 79:81–86 de Noordhout AM, Pepin JL, Gerard P, Delwaide PJ (1992) Facilitation of responses to motor cortex stimulation: effects of isometric voluntary contraction. Ann Neurol 32(3):365–370 de Noordhout AM, Rapisarda G, Bogacz D, Gerard P, De Pasqua V, Pennisi G, Delawaide PJ (1999) Corticomotoneuronal synaptic connections in normal man: an electrophysiological study. Brain 122:1327–1340 Di Lazzaro V, Oliviero A, Proficue P, Insola A, Mazzone P, Tonali P, Rothwell JC (1999) Effects of voluntary contraction on descending volleys evoked by transcranial electrical stimulation over the motor cortex hand area in conscious humans. Exp Brain Res 124:525–528 Di Lazzaro V, Oliviero A, Profice P, Ferrara L, Saturno E, Pilato F, Tonali P (1999) The diagnostic value of motor evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 110(7):1297–1307 Ellaway PH, Davey NJ, Maskill DW, Rawlinson SR, Lewis HS, Anissimova NP (1998) Variability in the amplitude of skeletal muscle responses to magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in man. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 109(2):104–113 Enoka RM (1995) Morphological features and activation patterns of motor units. J Clin Neurophysiol 12(6):538–559 Flament D, Goldsmith P, Buckley CJ, Lemon RN (1993) Task dependence of responses in first dorsal interosseus muscle to magnetic brain stimulation in man. J Physiol 464:361–378 Funase K, Miles TS, Gooden BR (1999) Trial–to–trial fluctuations in H–reflexes and motor evoked potentials in human wrist flexors. Neurosci Lett 271(1):25–28 Hasegawa Y, Kasai T, Tsuji T, Yahagi S (2001) Further insight into the taskdependent excitability of motor evoked potentials in first dorsal interosseus muscle in humans. Exp Brain Res 140(4):387–396 Hess CW, Mills KR, Murray NM (1987) Responses in small hand muscles from magnetic stimulation of the human brain. J Physiol 388:397–419 Humm AM, Z’Graggen WJ, von Hornstein NE, Magistris MR, Rosler KM (2004) Assessment of central motor conduction to intrinsic hand muscles using the triple stimulation technique: normal values and repeatability. Clin Neurophysiol 115(11):2558–2566 Jones KE, Lyons M, Bawa P, Lemon RN (1994) Recruitment order of motoneurons during functional tasks. Exp Brain Res 100(3):503–508 Kasai T, Kawai S, Kawanishi M, Yohagi S (1997) Evidence for facilitation of motor evoked potentials (MEPs) induced by motor imagery. Brain Res 744(1):147–150 Keck ME, Pijnappels M, Schubert M, Colombo G, Curt A, Dietz V (1998) Stumbling reactions in man: influence of corticospinal input. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 109(3):215–223 Kiers L, Cros D, Chiappa KH, Fang J (1993) Variability of motor potentials evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 89(6):415–423 Kimura T, Yamanaka K, Nozaki D, Nakazawa K, Miyoshi T, Akai M, Ohtsuki T (2003) Hysteresis in corticospinal excitability during gradual muscle contraction and relaxation in humans. Exp Brain Res 152:123–132 Kischka U, Fajfr R, Fellenberg T, Hess CW (1993) Facilitation of motor evoked potentials from magnetic brain stimulation in man: a comparative study of different target muscles. J Clin Neurophysiol 10(4):505–512 Lentz M, Nielsen JF (2002) Post–exercise– facilitation and depression of M wave and motor evoked potentials in healthy subjects. Clin Neurophysiol 113(7):1092–1098 Magistris MR, Rosler KM, Truffert A, Landis T, Hess CW (1999) A clinical study of motor evoqued potentials using a triple stimulation technique. Brain 122 (2):265–279 Maton B (1980) Fast and slow motor units: their recruitment for tonic and phasic contraction in normal man. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 43(1):45–55 Maynard FM Jr, Bracken MB, Crearey G, Ditunno JF Jr, Donovan WH, Ducke TB (1997) International standards for neurological and functional classification of spinal cord injury. American Spinal Injury Association. Spinal Cord 35:266–274 Mills KR, Kimiskidis V (1996) Cortical and spinal mechanisms of facilitation to brain stimulation. Muscle Nerve 19(8):953–958 Nielsen J, Petersen N (1995) Evidence favouring different descending pathways to soleus motoneurones activated by magnetic brain stimulation in man. J Physiol 486(3):779–788 Palmer E, Ashby P (1992) Corticospinal projections to upper limb motoneurones in humans. J Physiol 448:397–412 Romaiguere P, Vedel JP, Pagni S (1989) Fluctuations in motor unit recruitment threshold during slow isometric contractions of wrist extensor muscles in man. Neurosci Lett 103(1):50–55 Rossi F, Triggs WJ, Eisenschenk S (1999) Topographic differences in task–dependent facilitation of magnetic motor evoked potentials. Neurology 52(3):537–540 Rossini PM, Rossi S (1998) Clinical applications of motor evoked potentials. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 106(3):180–194 Rothwell JC, Thompson PD, Day BL, Dick JP, Kachi T, Cowan JM, Marsden CD (1987) Motor cortex stimulation in intact man. 1. General characteristics of EMG responses in different muscles. Brain 110(5):1173–1190 Sbriccoli P, Bazzucchi I, Rosponi A, Bernardi M, De Vito G, Felici F (2003) Amplitude and spectral characteristics of biceps Brachii s EMG depend upon speed of isometric force generation. J Electromyogr Kinesiol 13(2):139–147 Schieppati M, Trompetto C, Abbruzzese G (1996) Selective facilitation of responses to cortical stimulation of proximal and distal arm muscles by precision tasks in man. J Physiol 49(12):551–562 Schubert M, Curt A, Jensen L, Dietz V (1997) Corticospinal input in human gait:Modulation of magnetically evoked motor responses. Exp Brain Res 115(2):234–246 Sogaard K (1995) Motor unit recruitment pattern during low–level static and dynamic contractions. Muscle Nerve 18(3):292–300 Thompson PD, Day BL, Rothwell JC, Dressler D, Maertens de Noordhout A, Marsden CD (1991) Further observations on the facilitation of muscle responses to cortical stimulation by voluntary contraction. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 81(5):397–402 Turton A, Lemon RN (1999) The contribution of fast corticospinal input to the voluntary activation in normal subjects and in stroke patients. Exp Brain Res 129(4):559–572 Ugawa Y, Terao Y, Hanajima R, Sakai K, Kanazawa I (1995) Facilitatory effect of tonic voluntary contraction on responses to motor cortex stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 97(6):451–454