Impacts of cascade run-of-river dams on benthic diatoms in the Xiangxi River, China
Tóm tắt
The ecological effects of small run-of-river dams on aquatic ecosystems are poorly understood, especially on downstream benthic algal communities. We examined impacts of such dams on the benthic diatom community at a regional scale in the Xiangxi River, China. A total of 90 sites were visited, which were divided into five habitats (H1–H5) according to impact extent of each dam. Using partial least squares (PLS) modeling, we developed two predictive models (diatom species richness and total diatom density) based on environmental variables of an unregulated habitat (H1). These models were then used to predict species richness and total densities at impacted habitats (H2–H5) and residuals, i.e. the differences between observed and predicted values, were used to evaluate impact strength of flow regulation. Significant impacts of flow regulation on diatom species richness were detected at three impacted habitats (H3–H5), where observed species richness were significantly higher—70.6, 63.9 and 46.6%, respectively—than predicted values. Then, possible mechanisms for observed impacts were discussed. Further research is necessary to address the potential negative impacts of cascade run-of-river dams on other aquatic organisms in different seasons, and to explore more appropriate mechanisms for such impacts, which may lead to sustainable management strategies and help to determine the optimal ecological water requirement for the Xiangxi River.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Almodóvar A, Nicola GG (1999) Effects of a small hydropower station upon brown trout Salmo trutta L. in the River Hoz Seca (Tagus basin, Spain) one year after regulation. Regul Rivers Res Manag 15:477–484
Anderson EL, Welch EB, Jacoby JM, Schimek GM, Horner RR (1999) Periphyton removal related to phosphorus and grazer biomass level. Freshw Biol 41:633–651
Anonymous (The Comprehensive Scientific Expedition to the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, Academia Sinica) (1992) The algae of the Xizang Plateau, Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
APHA (American Public Health Association) (1992) Standard methods for the examination of water and wastewater. American Public Health Association, Washington, DC
Armitage PG, Wright JF, Gunn RJM, Furse MT, Moss D (1987) The use of prediction to assess macroinvertebrate response to river regulation. Hydrobiologia 144:25–32
Biggs BJF (1996) Hydraulic habitat of plants in streams. Regul Rivers Res Manag 12:131–144
Boon PJ (1993) Distribution, abundance and development of Trichoptera larvae in the river North Tyne following the commencement of hydroelectric power generation. Regul Rivers Res Manag 8:211–224
Camargo JA (1993) Dynamic stability in hydropsychid guilds along a regulated stream: the role of competitive interactions vs. environmental perturbations. Regul Rivers Res Manag 8:29–40
Center Heinz (2002) Dam removal—science and decision making. The Heinz Center, Washington
Chételat J, Pick FR, Morin A, Hamilton PB (1999) Periphyton biomass and community composition in rivers of different nutrient status. Can J Fish Aquat Sci 56:560–569
Chinese Environmental Protection Bureau (1989) Monitoring and analyzing methods for water and sewage. China Environment Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
Englund G, Malmqvist B, Zhang YX (1997) Using predictive models to estimate effects of flow regulation on net-spinning caddis larvae in North Swedish rivers. Freshw Biol 37:687–697
Eriksson L, Hermens JLM, Johansson E, Verhaar HJM, Word S (1995) Multivariate analysis of aquatic toxicity data with PLS. Aquat Sci 57:217–241
Fu XC, Tang T, Jiang WX, Li FQ, Wu NC, Zhou SC, Cai QH (2008) Impacts of small hydropower plants on macroinvertebrate communities. Acta Ecol Sin 28:45–52
Garcia de Leaniz C (2008) Weir removal in salmonid streams: implications, challenges and practicalities. Hydrobiologia 609:83–96
Gray LJ, Ward JV (1982) Effects of sediment releases from a reservoir on stream macroinvertebrates. Hydrobiologia 96:177–184
Hambrook JA (2002) Bioassessment of stream-water quality using benthic and planktonic algae collected along an urban intensity gradient in the Eastern Cornbelt Plains Ecoregion, Ohio, USA. J Phycol 38:14–15
Hu HJ, Li RY, Wei YX, Zhu HZ, Chen JY, Shi ZX (1980) Freshwater algae in China. Shanghai Science and Technology Press, Shanghai (in Chinese)
Jenkins KM, Boulton AJ (2003) Connectivity in a dryland river: short-term aquatic microinvertebrate recruitment following floodplain inundation. Ecology 84:2708–2723
Koetsier P (2005) Response of a stream diatom community to top predator manipulations. Aquat Sci 67:517–527
Kurunc A, Yurekli K, Okman C (2006) Effects of Kilickaya Dam on concentration and load values of water quality constituents in Kelkit Stream in Turkey. J Hydrol 317:17–30
Leland HV, Porter SD (2000) Distribution of benthic algae in the upper Illinois River basin in relation to geology and land use. Freshw Biol 44:279–301
Lewis D (2001) Rescuing a fragile river from over-exploitation—Australia’s River Murray. In: Nijland HJ, Cals MJR (Eds) River restoration in Europe, conference on river restoration, practical approaches Riza Rapport Nr.: 2001. 023:319–326
Marchant R (1989) Changes in the benthic invertebrate communities of the Thomson River, southeastern Australia, after dam construction. Regul Rivers Res Manag 4:71–89
McCauley E, Briand F (1979) Zooplankton grazing and phytoplankton species richness: field tests of the predation hypothesis. Limnol Oceanogr 24:243–252
Millie DF, Pigg RJ, Bendis BJ, Steidinger KA (2002) Relating phytoplankton dynamics to environmental forcing in the lower St Johns River Estuary: a multivariate assessment. J Phycol 38:28
Parker CR, Voshell JRJ (1983) Production of filter-feeding Trichoptera in an impounded and a free-flowing river. Can J Zool 61:70–87
Raymond HL (1979) Effects of dams and impoundments on migration of juvenile chinook salmon and steelhead from the Snake River, 1966–1975. Trans Am Fish Soc 109:509–525
Sand-Jensen K, Moller J, Olesen BH (1988) Biomass regulation of microbenthic algae in Danish lowland streams. Oikos 53:332–340
Shao ML, Xie ZC, Ye L, Cai QH (2007) Monthly change of community structure of zoobenthos in Xiangxi Bay after impoundment of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. Front Biol China 2:229–234
Soballe DM, Kimmel BL (1987) A large-scale comparison of factors influencing phytoplankton abundance in rivers, lakes, and impoundments. Ecology 68:1943–1954
Stanley EH, Luebke MA, Doyle MW, Marshall DW (2002) Short-term changes in channel form and macroinvertebrate communities following low-head dam removal. J North Am Benthol Soc 21:172–187
Stevenson RJ (1984) Epilithic and epipelic diatioms in the Sandusky River, with emphasis on species diversity and water quality. Hydrobiologia 114:161–175
Stevenson RJ, Smol JP (2002) Use of algae in environmental assessment. In: Wehr JD, Sheath RG (eds) Freshwater algae of North America: ecology and classification. Academic Press, New York, pp 775–804
Tang T, Cai QH, Liu RQ, Xie ZC (2002) Distribution of epilithic algae in the Xiangxi River system and their relationships with environmental factors. J Freshw Ecol 17:345–352
Tang T, Qu XD, Li DF, Liu RQ, Xie ZC, Cai QH (2004) Benthic algae of the Xiangxi River, China. J Freshw Ecol 19:597–604
Tang T, Cai QH, Liu JK (2006) Using epilithic diatom communities to assess ecological condition of Xiangxi River system. Environ Monit Assess 112:347–361
ter Braak CJF, Juggins S (1993) Weighted averaging partial least squares regression (WA-PLS): an improved method for reconstructing environmental variables from species assemblages. Hydrobiologia 269(270):485–502
Thomson JR, Hart DD, Charles DF, Nightengale TL, Winter DM (2005) Effects of removal of a small dam on downstream macroinvertebrate and algal assemblages in a Pennsylvania stream. J North Am Benthol Soc 24:192–207
van Dam H, Mertens A, Sinkeldam J (1994) A coded checklist and ecological indicator values of freshwater diatoms from the Netherlands. Neth J Aquat Ecol 28:117–133
Velinsky DJ, Bushaw-Newton KL, Kreeger DA, Johnson TE (2006) Effects of small dam removal on stream chemistry in southeastern Pennsylvania. J North Am Benthol Soc 25:569–582
Wang YK, Stevenson RJ, Metzmeier L (2005) Development and evaluation of a diatom-based index of biotic integrity for the Interior Plateau Ecoregion, USA. J North Am Benthol Soc 24:990–1008
Weckström J, Korhola A (2001) Patterns in the distribution, composition and diversity of diatom assemblages in relation to ecoclimatic factors in Arctic Lapland. J Biogeogr 28:31–45
Wold S (1995) PLS for multivariate linear modelling. QSAR: chemometric methods in molecular design. In: van de Waterbeemd H (ed) Methods and principles in medicinal chemistry, vol 2. Verlag Chemie, Weinheim, pp 195–218
Wu NC, Tang T, Zhou SC, Fu XC, Jiang WX, Li FQ, Cai QH (2007) Influence of cascaded exploitation of small hydropower on phytoplankton in Xaingxi River. Chin J Appl Ecol 18:1091–1096 (in Chinese with English abstract)
Wu NC, Tang T, Zhou SC, Jia XH, Li DF, Liu RQ, Cai QH (2009) Changes in benthic algal communities following construction of a run-of-river dam. J North Am Benthol Soc 28:69–79
Zhang ZS, Huang XF (1991) Research methods for freshwater plankton. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)
Zhang YX, Malmqvist B, Englund G (1998) Ecological processes affecting community structure of blackfly larvae in regulated and unregulated rivers: a regional study. J Appl Ecol 35:673–686
Zhou SC, Huang XF, Cai QH (2007) Vertical distribution and migration of planktonic rotifers in Xiangxi Bay of the Three Gorges Reservoir, China. J Freshw Ecol 22:441–449
Zhou SC, Tang T, Wu NC, Fu XC, Cai QH (2008) Impacts of a small dam on riverine zooplankton. Int Rev Hydrobiol 93:297–311
Zhu HZ, Chen JY (2000) Bacillariophyta of the Xizang Plateau. Science Press, Beijing (in Chinese)