Impact of Fine Particulate Matter (PM 2.5 ) Exposure During Wildfires on Cardiovascular Health Outcomes

Journal of the American Heart Association - Tập 4 Số 7 - 2015
Anjali Haikerwal1, Muhammad Akram1, Anthony Del Monaco1, Karen Smith2, Malcolm Sim1, Mick Meyer3, Andrew Tonkin1, Michael J. Abramson1, Martine Dennekamp1
1Department of Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
2Research and Evaluation Department, Ambulance Victoria, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
3CSIRO Oceans and Atmospheric Flagship, Aspendale, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia

Tóm tắt

Background Epidemiological studies investigating the role of fine particulate matter ( PM 2.5 ; aerodynamic diameter <2.5 μm) in triggering acute coronary events, including out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests and ischemic heart disease ( IHD ), during wildfires have been inconclusive.

Methods and Results We examined the associations of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests, IHD , acute myocardial infarction, and angina (hospital admissions and emergency department attendance) with PM 2.5 concentrations during the 2006–2007 wildfires in Victoria, Australia, using a time‐stratified case‐crossover study design. Health data were obtained from comprehensive health‐based administrative registries for the study period (December 2006 to January 2007). Modeled and validated air exposure data from wildfire smoke emissions (daily average PM 2.5 , temperature, relative humidity) were also estimated for this period. There were 457 out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests, 2106 emergency department visits, and 3274 hospital admissions for IHD . After adjusting for temperature and relative humidity, an increase in interquartile range of 9.04 μg/m 3 in PM 2.5 over 2 days moving average (lag 0‐1) was associated with a 6.98% (95% CI 1.03% to 13.29%) increase in risk of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests, with strong association shown by men (9.05%,95%CI 1.63% to 17.02%) and by older adults (aged ≥65 years) (7.25%, 95% CI 0.24% to 14.75%). Increase in risk was (2.07%, 95% CI 0.09% to 4.09%) for IHD ‐related emergency department attendance and (1.86%, 95% CI : 0.35% to 3.4%) for IHD ‐related hospital admissions at lag 2 days, with strong associations shown by women (3.21%, 95% CI 0.81% to 5.67%) and by older adults (2.41%, 95% CI 0.82% to 5.67%).

Conclusion PM 2.5 exposure was associated with increased risk of out‐of‐hospital cardiac arrests and IHD during the 2006–2007 wildfires in Victoria. This evidence indicates that PM 2.5 may act as a triggering factor for acute coronary events during wildfire episodes.

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Journal of the American Heart Association

Tập 4 Số 7

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