Immunohistochemical study of the proliferation modality of synovium in rat adjuvant arthritis

 To investigate the proliferative potencies of the two types of synovial lining cells (types A and B), we used immunohistochemical techniques under light and electron microscopy to survey the complete process of arthritis in a rat model system. Complete Freund's adjuvant (0.1 ml) containing 5 mg of heat-inactivated Mycobacterium butyricum was administered intradermally into the right hind paws of 25 male Sprague-Dawley rats. Five animals were killed at weeks 1, 2, 3, and 4 after the immunological challenge, respectively, and the infrapatellar adipose synovium was removed from each animal. Using proliferative cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) as a cell proliferation marker, we quantified the locations of proliferative cells under light microscopy and then identified the cell type with immunoelectron microscopy. The number of PCNA-positive cells was high in the deep layer at week 2, and most of them were determined to be B cells. At week 3, the number of PCNA-positive cells increased in the superficial layer, and most were identified as A cells. Our results support the idea that cells of the synovial lining proliferate in situ during the course of arthritis.