Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Cancer Therapy

Current Oncology - Tập 29 Số 5 - Trang 3044-3060
Yavar Shiravand1, Faezeh Khodadadi2, Seyyed Mohammad Amin Kashani3, Seyed Reza Hosseini‐Fard4, Shadi Hosseini5, Habib Sadeghirad6, Rahul Ladwa7, Kenneth V. Honn7, Arutha Kulasinghe6
1Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80138 Naples, Italy
2Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, PES College of Pharmacy, PES University, Bengaluru 560085, India
3Student Research Committee, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 7134814336, Iran
4Department of Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417613151, Iran
5Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Research Institute for Health Development, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj 6617713446, Iran
6The University of Queensland Diamantina Institute, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4102, Australia
7Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Qld 4102, Australia

Tóm tắt

The discovery of immune checkpoint proteins such as PD-1/PDL-1 and CTLA-4 represents a significant breakthrough in the field of cancer immunotherapy. Therefore, humanized monoclonal antibodies, targeting these immune checkpoint proteins have been utilized successfully in patients with metastatic melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, head and neck cancers and non-small lung cancer. The US FDA has successfully approved three different categories of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) such as PD-1 inhibitors (Nivolumab, Pembrolizumab, and Cemiplimab), PDL-1 inhibitors (Atezolimumab, Durvalumab and Avelumab), and CTLA-4 inhibitor (Ipilimumab). Unfortunately, not all patients respond favourably to these drugs, highlighting the role of biomarkers such as Tumour mutation burden (TMB), PDL-1 expression, microbiome, hypoxia, interferon-γ, and ECM in predicting responses to ICIs-based immunotherapy. The current study aims to review the literature and updates on ICIs in cancer therapy.

Từ khóa


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