Identity Development and Worldview: Toward an Optimal Conceptualization

Journal of Counseling and Development - Tập 70 Số 1 - Trang 54-63 - 1991
Linda James Myers1, Suzette L. Speight2, Pamela S. Highlen3, CHIKAKO I. COX4, Amy L. Reynolds5, Eve M. Adams6, C. Patricia Hanley7
1Linda J. Myers: is an associate professor in the Departments of Black Studies and Psychology at The Ohio State University, Columbus.
2Suzette L. Speight: is an assistant professor in the Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology at Loyola University of Chicago.
3Pamela S. Highlen: is an associate professor in the Department of Psychology at The Ohio State University, Columbus.
4Chikako I. Cox: is a staff psychologist at the Counseling and Consultation Service at The Ohio State University, Columbus.
5Amy L. Reynolds: is a senior staff psychologist with University Counseling Services at the University of Iowa, Iowa City.
6Eve M. Adams: is a staff psychologist at the Counseling and Testing Center at the University of Akron, Akron, Ohio.
7C. Patricia Hanley: is a staff psychologist at the Counseling Center at the University of New Hampshire, Durham.

Tóm tắt

Positive self‐identity is not easily attained in this culture. This premise is supported by the pervasive number of “‐isms” (e.g., racism, sexism, heterosexism, ageism) and their adverse impact on those who are defined as inferior by the dominant way of perceiving. Examination of the conceptual system that predisposes people to these “‐isms” concludes that (a) it is the nature of the conceptual system that is inherently oppressive and (b) all who adhere to this conceptual system have a difficult time developing and maintaining a positive identity. This article postulates a new way of describing the identity development process under oppression using optimal theory (Myers, 1988). From this optimal worldview, oppression is perceived as self‐alienating and yielding a fragmented sense of self, based upon devaluation by self and others. Therefore, identity development is a process of integrating and expanding one's sense of self. Optimal theory provides a new inclusive model of identity development, which is described, along with its applications for counseling practice.No es facíl obtener una identidad positiva de uno mismo en esta cultura. Esta premisa se apoya en la gran cantidad de “‐ismos” (e.g., racismo, sexismo, heterosexismo, “edadismo”) y los impactos adversos en la gente que sería definida como inferior por la manera dominante de percibirlo. La conclusión de un examen del sistema conceptual que predispone a las personas a estos “‐ismos” es que (a) la naturaleza del sistema conceptual es inheréntemente opresivo, y (b) todos aquellos que se adhieran a este sistema conceptual tendrán dificultades con el desarrollo y mantemiento de una identidad positiva. Este artículo postula una nueva manera de describir el proceso del desarrolo de la identidad bajo opresión utilizando la teoría óptima (Myers, 1.988). Desde esta visión universal óptima, se ve a la opresión como autoalienación y creadora de un sentido fragmentado del yo, basado en la devaluación por uno mismo y por los demás. Por tanto, el desarrollo de la indentidad es un proceso de integración y amplificación de la percepción de uno mismo. Esta óptima teoría nos da un modelo inclusive nuevo del desarrollo de identidad, lo cual se describe, junta con sus aplicacions para la práctica de consejería.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1177/0011000089172004

Atkinson D. R., 1983, Counseling American minorities: A cross‐cultural perspective

Atwell I., Diagnosing personality disorder in Africans (Blacks) using the Azibo nosology: Two case studies, Journal of Black Studies, 17

Avery D. M., 1977, The psychological stages of liberation, Illinois Personnel and Guidance Association Quarterly, 63, 36

Banks J. A., 1984, Teaching strategies for ethnic studies

Berry J. W., 1980, Acculturation theory, models, and some new findings, 118

10.1177/0011000084121010

10.1300/J082v04n03_01

10.1080/00224498409551214

10.1002/j.1556-6978.1989.tb01118.x

Cross W. E., 1971, The Negro‐to‐Black conversion experience, Black World, 7, 13

10.1177/0011000085134013

10.1177/0022167888284002

Erikson E., 1968, Identity: Youth and crisis

Fowler J. W., 1981, Stages of faith: The psychology of human development and the quest for meaning

10.1016/B978-0-08-018316-9.50014-X

10.1007/BF01797689

Hall W. S., 1972, Black psychology, 156

Hardiman R.(1979).White identity development theoryUnpublished manuscript.

10.1177/0011000084124013

Helms J. E., 1990, Black and White racial identity theory, research, and practice

Highlen P. S. Jecmen D. J. &Speight S. L.(1991). [The Female Identity Development Scale (FIDS): Validation of the Self Identity Model of Oppressed People (SIDMOP) model.] Unpublished raw data.

Highlen P. S., 1986, Seed grant proposal

Highlen P. S. Reynolds A. L. Adams E. M. Hanley C. P. Myers L. J. Cox C. I. &Speight S. L.(1988 August).Self‐Identity Development Model of Oppressed People: Inclusive model for all?Paper presented at the meeting of the American Psychological Association Atlanta GA.

Highlen P. S., Oppression: Understanding the chains that bind, Journal of Social Issues

Jackson B. W., 1975, Black identity development, Journal of Educational Diversity, 2, 19

Jecmen D. J.(1989).The development of an instrument to measure identity development in females: The Female Identity Development ScaleUnpublished master's thesis Ohio State University Columbus.

Jung C. G., 1953, Collected works

10.1177/0011000085134005

Keefe S. F., 1987, Chicano ethnicity

Kinloch G. C., 1979, The sociology of minority group relations

LaFromboise T., 1983, Assertion training with American Indians

10.1016/0147-1767(85)90062-8

May G. G., 1974, The psychodynamics of spirituality, Journal of Pastoral Care, 28, 84, 10.1177/002234097402800203

May G. G., 1977, The psychodynamics of spirituality: A follow‐up, Journal of Pastoral Cure, 31, 84, 10.1177/002234097703100203

10.1037/h0085908

Myers L. J., 1981, Oneness: A Black model of psychological functioning

Myers L. J., 1984, The psychology of knowledge: The importance of world view, New England Journal of Black Studies, 4, 1

10.1177/009579848501200103

10.1177/002193478701800105

Myers L. J., 1988, Understanding an Afrocentric world view: Introduction to an optimal psychology

10.1177/0011000089172003

10.1177/0011000089172001

10.1037/0022-0167.28.3.250

Parham T. A., 1985, Attitudes of racial identity and self‐esteem, Journal of College Student Personnel, 26, 43

10.1037/0022-0167.32.3.431

10.1002/j.2161-1912.1987.tb00374.x

10.1002/j.2161-1912.1988.tb00405.x

10.1002/j.1556-6676.1990.tb01477.x

Reynolds A. L., 1989, Validation of an identity development model

Reynolds A. L.(1991).African‐ and Asian‐American identify: Validation of a self‐identity model of oppressed peopleSubmitted for publication.

10.1037/0003-066X.40.11.1203

Shafranske E. P., 1984, Factors associated with the perception of spirituality in psychotherapy, Journal of Transpersonal Psychology, 16, 231

10.1177/0011000089172007

10.1002/j.1556-6676.1991.tb01558.x

Sue D. W., 1981, Counseling the culturally different: Theory and practice

10.17953/amer.1.2.n6680j28804v3g61

Terry R. W., 1977, For whites only

Thomas C. W., 1971, Boys no more

Vaughan F., 1986, The inward arc: Healing and wholeness in psychotherapy and spirituality

10.1037/h0030758

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Counseling and Development

Tập 70 Số 1

54-63

Thông tin tác giả