Identifying Reefs of Hope and Hopeful Actions: Contextualizing Environmental, Ecological, and Social Parameters to Respond Effectively to Climate Change

Conservation Biology - Tập 23 Số 3 - Trang 662-671 - 2009
Tim R. McClanahan1, Joshua E. Cinner, Nicholas A. J. Graham, Tim M. Daw, Joseph Maina, Selina M. Stead, Andrew Wamukota, Kevan Brown, Valentijn Venus, Nicholas Polunin
1Wildlife Conservation Society, Marine Program, Bronx, NY 10460-1099, USA. [email protected]

Tóm tắt

Abstract:  Priorities for conservation, management, and associated activities will differ based on the interplay between nearness of ecosystems to full recovery from a disturbance (pristineness), susceptibility to climate change (environmental susceptibility [ES]), and capacity of human communities to cope with and adapt to change (social adaptive capacity [AC]). We studied 24 human communities and adjacent coral reef ecosystems in 5 countries of the southwestern Indian Ocean. We used ecological measures of abundance and diversity of fishes and corals, estimated reef pristineness, and conducted socioeconomic household surveys to determine the AC of communities adjacent to selected coral reefs. We also used Web‐based oceanographic and coral mortality data to predict each site's ES to climate warming. Coral reefs of Mauritius and eastern Madagascar had low ES and consequently were not predicted to be affected strongly by warm water, although these sites were differentiated by the AC of the human community. The higher AC in Mauritius may increase the chances for successful self‐initiated recovery and protective management of reefs of this island. In contrast, Madagascar may require donor support to build AC as a prerequisite to preservation efforts. The Seychelles and Kenya had high ES, but their levels of AC and disturbance differed. The high AC in the Seychelles could be used to develop alternatives to dependence on coral reef resources and reduce the effects of climate change. Pristineness weighted toward measures of fish recovery was greatest for Kenya's marine protected areas; however, most protected areas in the region were far from pristine. Conservation priorities and actions with realistic chances for success require knowledge of where socioecological systems lie among the 3 axes of environment, ecology, and society.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1191/030913200701540465

10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.02.006

10.1126/science.1112122

10.1111/j.1523-1739.2004.00077.x

Berkes F., 1998, Linking social and ecological systems

Chapin M., 2004, A challenge to conservationists, World Watch Magazine, 17

10.1016/j.ocecoaman.2005.04.006

10.1007/s00338-007-0213-2

10.1126/science.293.5530.657

10.1016/S0065-2881(03)46004-5

10.1641/B570302

10.1016/j.gloenvcha.2006.04.002

10.1287/opre.49.4.469.11231

Graham N. A. J. S. K.Wilson S.Jennings N. V. C.Polunin J. P.Bijoux andJ.Robinson.2006.Dynamic fragility of oceanic coral reef ecosystems.Proceedings of the National Academy of Science of the United States of America103:8425–8429.

10.1017/S0376892906002591

10.1007/s003380050061

10.1016/S0308-597X(97)00040-7

10.1046/j.1523-1739.1999.98374.x

10.1890/1051-0761(2003)013[0185:USAITD]2.0.CO;2

10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2007.10.033

10.3354/meps294241

10.1017/S0376892904001791

10.1007/s00338-004-0471-1

10.1016/j.cub.2006.05.062

10.1002/aqc.715

10.3354/meps337001

10.1890/06-1182.1

10.1890/06-1450

10.1111/j.1755-263X.2008.00008_1.x

10.1890/07-0876.1

Nowlis J. S., 1999, Fisheries benefits and optimal design of marine reserves, Fishery Bulletin, 97, 604

10.1016/j.ecss.2004.11.010

10.1126/science.242.4882.1132

10.3755/jcrs.2002.43

Pollnac R. B., 1998, Rapid assessment of management parameters for coral reefs

10.1016/S0305-750X(00)00098-X

10.1126/science.1067728

Saaty T., 1980, The analytic hierarchy process

10.1641/0006-3568(2002)052[0891:THFATL]2.0.CO;2

Sandin S.A., 2008, Baselines and degradation of coral reefs in the Northern Line Islands, Public Library of Science ONE, 3, e1548

10.1007/s00338-006-0158-x

Veron J. E. N., 2005, A rapid marine biodiversity assessment of the coral reefs of northwest Madagascar, 23

10.1046/j.1523-1739.2003.02055.x

Wilkinson C., 2004, Status of coral reefs of the world: 2004

10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01252.x

10.1007/s00338-003-0361-y

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Conservation Biology

Tập 23 Số 3

662-671

Thông tin tác giả