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Tăng huyết áp làm suy yếu sự liên kết thần kinh mạch và thúc đẩy tổn thương vi mạch: vai trò trong việc làm trầm trọng thêm bệnh Alzheimer
Tóm tắt
Tăng huyết áp ở người cao tuổi làm gia tăng đáng kể cả nguy cơ suy giảm nhận thức mạch máu (VCI) và bệnh Alzheimer (AD); tuy nhiên, các cơ chế tiềm ẩn vẫn chưa được hiểu đầy đủ. Bài tổng quan này thảo luận về tác động của tăng huyết áp đối với sự toàn vẹn cấu trúc và chức năng của vi tuần hoàn não, bao gồm những thay đổi do tăng huyết áp gây ra trong các phản ứng liên kết thần kinh mạch, các cơ chế tế bào và phân tử liên quan đến tổn thương vi mạch (giảm thiểu mao mạch, rối loạn hàng rào máu-não), và sự phát sinh của các chảy máu nhỏ trong não cùng với vai trò tiềm năng của chúng trong việc làm trầm trọng thêm suy giảm nhận thức liên quan đến AD. Việc hiểu và nhắm đến những thay đổi vi mạch não do tăng huyết áp liên quan đến sự khởi phát và tiến triển của AD và góp phần vào sự suy giảm nhận thức được dự kiến sẽ có vai trò lớn trong việc bảo tồn sức khỏe não bộ ở những người cao tuổi có nguy cơ cao.
Từ khóa
#tăng huyết áp #suy giảm nhận thức mạch máu #bệnh Alzheimer #tổn thương vi mạch #liên kết thần kinh mạch #hàng rào máu-nãoTài liệu tham khảo
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