Human Vulnerability, Dislocation and Resettlement: Adaptation Processes of River‐bank Erosion‐induced Displacees in Bangladesh

Disasters - Tập 28 Số 1 - Trang 41-62 - 2004
David Mutton1, C. Emdad Haque1
1University of Manitoba

Tóm tắt

The purpose of this research was to identify and analyse patterns of economic and social adaptation among river‐bank erosion‐induced displacees in Bangladesh. It was hypothesised that the role of social demographic and socio‐economic variables in determining the coping ability and recovery of the river‐bank erosion‐induced displacees is quite significant. The findings of the research reveal that displacees experience substantial socio‐economic impoverishment and marginalisation as a consequence of involuntary migration. This in part is a socially constructed process, reflecting inequitable access to land and other resources. Vulnerability to disasters is further heightened by a number of identifiable social and demographic factors including gender, education and age, although extreme poverty and marginalisation create complexity to isolate the relative influence of these variables. The need to integrate hazard analysis and mitigation with the broader economic and social context is discussed. It is argued that the capacity of people to respond to environmental threats is a function of not only the physical forces which affect them, but also of underlying economic and social relationships which increase human vulnerability to risk. Hazard analysis and mitigation can be more effective when it takes into account such social and demographic and socio‐economic dimensions of disasters.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Ahooja‐Patel K., 1992, Linking Women with Sustainable Development

Ai Ju C., 1989, Aging in Asia: Its Socioeconomic Consequences, 10.1355/9789814414241

Akhter R.(1984)Causes and Consequences of Migration to the City: A Case Study of Slum Dwellers in Dhaka Bangladesh. Unpublished manuscript Centre for Urban Studies Dhaka.

Ali S.M., 1980, Administration of Charland in Bangladesh, Asian Affairs, 2, 295

Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics(1997)Gender Statistics in Brief 1996. Statistics Division Ministry of Planning Dhaka.

Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee(1999)BRAC at a Glance. Seewww.brac.net.

Bari S., 1992, From Crisis to Development: Coping with Disasters in Bangladesh

Blaikie P., 1994, At Risk: Natural Hazards. People's Vulnerability, and Disasters

10.2307/2173888

Cannon T., 1994, Disasters, Development and Environment

10.1093/jrs/8.3.245

Chaudhury R.(1982)The Aged in Bangladesh. Social Research Center Dhaka.

10.1023/A:1008151023157

10.1111/j.1468-2435.1969.tb01062.x

D'Oyley V., 1994, Education and Development Lessons from the Third World

Elahi K.M., 1972, Urbanization in Bangladesh: A Geodemographic Study, Oriental Geographer, 16, 39

Elahi K.M. Q.S.AhmedandM.Mafizuddin(eds.) (1991)Riverbank Erosion Flood and Population Displacement in Bangladesh. Riverbank Erosion Impact Study Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka.

Flood Plan Coordination Organization (FPCO) (1995)Bangladesh Water and Flood Management Strategy. Ministry of Water Resources Dhaka.

10.1016/0305-750X(88)90216-1

Grameen Bank(1998)Breaking a Vicious Cycle by Providing Credit. Seewww.grameeninf.org/bank.

Greenberg C.(1986)The Adaptation Process of Riverbank Erosion Displacees in an Urban Environment: A Case Study of Squatters in Serajganj Bangladesh. Unpublished thesis University of Manitoba Winnipeg.

Haque C.(1988)Impact of Riverbank Erosion Hazards in the Brahmaputra‐Jamuna Floodplain: A Study of Population Displacement and Response Strategy. Unpublished thesis University of Manitoba Winnipeg.

Haque C., 1994, Environmental Assessment and Development

10.1007/978-94-011-5155-9

10.1111/j.1467-7717.1989.tb00724.x

Haque C., 1994, Disasters, Development and Environment

Hewitt K., 1997, Regions at Risk: A Geographical Introduction to Disasters

Hossain M. Z.(1984)Riverbank Erosion and Population Displacement: A Case of Kazipur in Pabna. Unpublished thesis Jahangirnagar University Savar Dhaka.

Hossain M. Z.(1989)Riverbank Erosion and Population Displacement: A Study of the Serajganj Urban Squatters. Unpublished thesis University of Manitoba Winnipeg.

Islam M., 1985, A Brief Account of Bank Erosion, Model Studies and Bank Protective Works in Bangladesh, REIS Newsletter, 2, 11

Islam N.(1976)The Urban Poor in Bangladesh. Centre for Urban Studies Dhaka.

Islam N.(1998)Human Settlements and Urban Development in Bangladesh. Centre for Urban Studies University of Dhaka Dhaka.

ISP AN (Irrigation Support Project for Asia and the Near East) (1993)ISP AN Char Study‐Jamuna Inventory. Flood Action Plan Dhaka.

Januzzi F., 1980, The Agrarian Structure of Bangladesh: An Impediment to Development

10.2307/214592

Mahmud S., 1992, From Crisis to Development: Coping With Disasters in Bangladesh

Majumder P., 1996, The Squatters of Dhaka City: Dynamism in the Life of Agargoan Squatters

Malik S., 1983, Land Reclamation, Bangladesh Today, 1, 25

Noor A., 1981, Education and Basic Human Needs

Novak J., 1994, Bangladesh: Reflections on the Water

Oberai A., 1984, Migration, Employment and the Urban Labour Market: A Study of the Indian Punjab, International Labour Review, 123, 507

Pearlman J., 1976, The Myth of Marginality: Urban Poverty and Politics in Rio de Janeiro

10.1080/0305006870230206

10.1016/0305-750X(94)90007-8

10.1016/0277-9536(92)90070-7

Rashid H., 1977, Geography of Bangladesh

Rogge J.andK.Elahi(1989)The Riverbank Impact Study: Bangladesh. University of Manitoba Manitoba Winnipeg.

Rogge J.andC.Haque(1987)Riverbank Erosion Hazard Rural Population Displacement and Institutional Responses and Policies in Bangladesh. Paper presented at the annual meeting of the Association of American Geographers April Portland.

Schultz T., 1975, The Value of the Ability to Deal with Disequilibrium, Journal of Economic Literature, 13, 827

Streeton P., 1994, Human Development: Means and Ends, American Economic Review, 84, 232

Thorne C.R., 1982, Gravel‐bed Rivers: Fluvial Processes, Engineering and Management

Tout K., 1989, Aging in Developing Countries

Weist R. J.MocellinandD.Motsisi(1992)The Needs of Women and Children in Disasters and Emergencies. Disaster Research Unit University of Manitoba Manitoba Winnipeg.

10.1080/14672715.1981.10409831

World Bank, 1998, World Development Report, 1998

World Bank, 1998, Bangladesh 2020: A Long‐Term Perspective

10.17730/humo.48.3.v55465j651259835

10.2307/2803775

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Disasters

Tập 28 Số 1

41-62

Thông tin tác giả