Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Tác động đến sức khỏe con người từ việc tiếp xúc với bụi hạt lơ lửng trong không khí tại vùng đồng bằng Sông Châu, Trung Quốc
Tóm tắt
Để đánh giá tác động tiềm tàng đến sức khỏe cộng đồng từ việc tiếp xúc với bụi hạt lơ lửng trong không khí, nồng độ PM10 và PM2.5 đã được đo tại 16 trạm giám sát trong vùng đồng bằng Sông Châu. Các nghiên cứu dịch tễ học đã được thu thập, và phương pháp phân tích tổng hợp đã được sử dụng để xác định các hàm số đáp ứng tiếp xúc cho các tác động sức khỏe đối với tỷ lệ tử vong của cư dân ở Trung Quốc. Các nghiên cứu tại Trung Quốc báo cáo hệ số đáp ứng tiếp xúc thấp hơn một chút so với các nghiên cứu ở nước ngoài. Cả mô hình Poisson và phương pháp bảng sống đều được sử dụng để ước tính các tác động sức khỏe bao gồm tác động cấp tính và mãn tính. Đối với tiếp xúc ngắn hạn, 2.700 (Khoảng tin cậy 95% (CI), 2.200–3.400) cái chết sớm sẽ được ngăn chặn hàng năm nếu nồng độ PM10 hàng ngày giảm xuống dưới giá trị hướng dẫn của Tổ chức Y tế Thế giới (WHO). Lợi ích còn lớn hơn nhiều cho tiếp xúc dài hạn. Số ca tử vong có thể tránh được hàng năm sẽ là 42.000 (CI 95%, 28.000–55.000) và 40.000 (CI 95%, 23.000–54.000) cho PM10 và PM2.5, tương ứng, nếu nồng độ bụi hạt hàng năm được giảm xuống dưới giá trị hướng dẫn của WHO. Và tuổi thọ trung bình của cư dân sẽ kéo dài thêm 2,57 năm đối với PM10 và 2,38 năm đối với PM2.5 nếu giảm nồng độ bụi hạt hàng năm. Các lợi ích rất khác biệt ở các khu vực khác nhau và các chiến lược quản lý khác nhau nên được thực hiện để bảo vệ sức khỏe con người một cách hiệu quả.
Từ khóa
#bụi hạt lơ lửng #sức khỏe cộng đồng #PM10 #PM2.5 #ô nhiễm không khí #tỷ lệ tử vong #vùng đồng bằng Sông ChâuTài liệu tham khảo
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