Howling activity of free-ranging wolves (Canis lupus) in the Białowieża Primeval Forest and the Western Beskidy Mountains (Poland)
Tóm tắt
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
Ciucci P, Boitani L (1999) Nine-year dynamics of a wolf pack in the Northern Apennines (Italy). Mammalia 63:377–384
Ciucci P, Boitani L, Francisci F, Andreoli G (1997) Home range, activity and movements of a wolf pack in central Italy. J Zool 243:803–819
Dekker D (1985) Response of wolves to simulated howling on a homesite in Jasper National Park during winter. Can Field-Nat 99:90–93
Gazzola A, Avanzinelli E, Mauri L, Scandura M, Apollonio M (2002) Temporal variation of howling in South European wolf pack. Ital J Zool 69:157–161
Harrington FH (1986) Timber wolf howling playback studies: discrimination of pup from adult howls. Anim Behav 34:1575–1577
Harrington FH (1989) Chorus howling by wolves: acoustic structure, pack size, and the Beau Geste effect. Bioacoustics 2:117–136
Harrington FH, Asa CS (2003) Wolf communication. In: Mech LD, Boitani L (eds) Wolves. Behavior, ecology, and conservation. University of Chicago Press, Chicago and London, pp 66–103
Harrington FH, Mech LD (1978a) Howling at two Minnesota wolf pack summer homesites. Can J Zool 56:2024–2028
Harrington FH, Mech LD (1978b) Wolf vocalization. In: Hall RL, Sharp HS (eds) Wolf and man: evolution in parallel. Academic, New York, pp 109–132
Harrington FH, Mech LD (1979) Wolf howling and its role in territory maintenance. Behaviour 68:207–249
Harrington FH, Mech D (1982) An analysis of howling response parameters useful for wolf pack censusing. J Wildl Manage 46:686–693
Harrington FH, Mech LD (1983) Wolf pack spacing: howling as a territory-independent spacing mechanism in a territorial population. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 12:161–168
Jędrzejewska B, Jędrzejewski W (1998) Predation in vertebrate communities. The Białowieża Primeval Forest as a case study. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Jędrzejewski W, Schmidt K, Theuerkauf J, Jędrzejewska B, Okarma H (2001) Daily movements and territory use by radio-collared wolves (Canis lupus) in Białowieża Primeval Forest in Poland. Can J Zool 79:1993–2004
Jędrzejewski W, Schmidt K, Theuerkauf J, Jędrzejewska B, Selva N, Zub K, Szymura L (2002) Kill rates and predation by wolves on ungulate populations in Białowieża Primeval Forest (Poland). Ecology 83:1341–1356
Murrie A (1944) The wolves of Mount McKinley. US Fauna Series 5, Washington D.C.
Nikolskii AA, Frommolt K-H (1989) Zvukovaya aktivnost volka (in Russian). Izdatelstvo Moskovskogo Universiteta, Moscow
Nikolskii AA, Frommolt K-H, Bologov VP (1986) Prostranstvenno-vremennye osobennosti voya volkov v nachalnyi period osvoeniya shchenkami territorii (in Russian). Ekologiya 5:54–61
Nowak S (2002) Population dynamics, ecology, and conservational issues of the wolf Canis lupus in the Beskid Śląski and Żywiecki Mts (in Polish). Unpublished PhD thesis, Mammal Research Institute, Polish Academy of Sciences
Nowak S, Mysłajek RW, Jędrzejewska B (2005) Patterns of wolf Canis lupus predation on wild and domestic ungulates in the Western Carpathian Mountains (S Poland). Acta Theriol 50:263–276
Theberge JB, Falls JB (1967) Howling as a means of communication in timber wolves. Am Zool 7:331–338
Theuerkauf J, Jędrzejewski W (2002) Accuracy of radiotelemetry to estimate wolf activity and locations. J Wildl Manage 66:859–864
Theberge JB, Pimlott DH (1969) Observations of wolves at a rendezvous site in Algonquin Park. Can Field-Nat 83:122–128
Theberge JB, Strickland DR (1978) Changes in wolf numbers, Algonquin Provincial Park, Ontario. Can Field-Nat 92:395–398
Theuerkauf J, Jędrzejewski W, Schmidt K, Okarma H, Ruczyński I, Śnieżko S, Gula R (2003) Daily patterns and duration of wolf activity in the Białowieża Forest, Poland. J Mamm 84:243–253
Zimen E, Boitani L (1975) Number and distribution of wolves in Italy. Z Saugetierk 40:102–112