How natural infection by Nosema ceranae causes honeybee colony collapse

Wiley - Tập 10 Số 10 - Trang 2659-2669 - 2008
Mariano Higes1, Raquel Martín‐Hernández1, Cristina Botías1, Encarna Garrido Bailón1, Anton Imdorf2, Laura Barrios3, Marı́a J. Nozal4, J.L. Bernal4, J.J. Jiménez4, Pilar Garcı́a5, Aránzazu Meana6
1Bee Pathology laboratory, Centro Apícola Regional, JCCM, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain.
2Hive Products laboratory, Centro Apícola Regional, JCCM, 19180 Marchamalo, Spain.
3Statistics Department, CTI, Consejo Superior Investigaciones Científicas, 28006 Madrid, Spain.
4Analytical Chemistry Department, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Valladolid, 47005 Valladolid, Spain.
5Animal Medicine and Surgery Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.
6Animal Health Department, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain.

Tóm tắt

Summary

In recent years, honeybees (Apis mellifera) have been strangely disappearing from their hives, and strong colonies have suddenly become weak and died. The precise aetiology underlying the disappearance of the bees remains a mystery. However, during the same period, Nosema ceranae, a microsporidium of the Asian bee Apis cerana, seems to have colonized A. mellifera, and it's now frequently detected all over the world in both healthy and weak honeybee colonies. For first time, we show that natural N. ceranae infection can cause the sudden collapse of bee colonies, establishing a direct correlation between N. ceranae infection and the death of honeybee colonies under field conditions. Signs of colony weakness were not evident until the queen could no longer replace the loss of the infected bees. The long asymptomatic incubation period can explain the absence of evident symptoms prior to colony collapse. Furthermore, our results demonstrate that healthy colonies near to an infected one can also become infected, and that N. ceranae infection can be controlled with a specific antibiotic, fumagillin. Moreover, the administration of 120 mg of fumagillin has proven to eliminate the infection, but it cannot avoid reinfection after 6 months. We provide Koch's postulates between N. ceranae infection and a syndrome with a long incubation period involving continuous death of adult bees, non‐stop brood rearing by the bees and colony loss in winter or early spring despite the presence of sufficient remaining pollen and honey.

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Wiley

Tập 10 Số 10

2659-2669

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