How does social essentialism affect the development of inter‐group relations?

Developmental Science - Tập 21 Số 1 - 2018
Marjorie Rhodes1, Sarah‐Jane Leslie2, Katya Saunders1, Yarrow Dunham3, Andrei Cimpian1
1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, USA
2Department of Philosophy, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
3Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT USA

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Psychological essentialism is a pervasive conceptual bias to view categories as reflecting something deep, stable, and informative about their members. Scholars from diverse disciplines have long theorized that psychological essentialism has negative ramifications for inter‐group relations, yet little previous empirical work has experimentally tested the social implications of essentialist beliefs. Three studies (= 127, ages 4.5–6) found that experimentally inducing essentialist beliefs about a novel social category led children to share fewer resources with category members, but did not lead to the out‐group dislike that defines social prejudice. These findings indicate that essentialism negatively influences some key components of inter‐group relations, but does not lead directly to the development of prejudice.

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