Homo naledi, một loài mới của chi Homo từ Phòng Dinaledi, Nam Phi

eLife - Tập 4
Lee R. Berger1,2, John Hawks3,4, Darryl J. de Ruiter5,6, Steven E. Churchill7,8, Peter Schmid9,10, Lucas K. Delezene11,12, Tracy L. Kivell13,14,15, Heather M. Garvin16,17, Scott A. Williams18,19,20, Jeremy M. DeSilva21,22, Matthew M. Skinner13,14,15, Charles M. Musiba23,24, Noël Cameron25,26, Trenton W. Holliday27,28, William E. H. Harcourt‐Smith29,30,31, Rebecca Rogers Ackermann32, Markus Bastir33,34, Barry Bogin25,26, Debra R. Bolter35,36, Juliet K. Brophy37,38, Zachary Cofran39,40, Kimberly A. Congdon41,42, Andrew S. Deane43,44, Mana Dembo45,46, Michelle S.M. Drapeau47, Marina Elliott45,46, Elen Feuerriegel48,49, Daniel García‐Martínez1,50,34, David J. Green51,52, Alia Gurtov3,4, Joel D. Irish53,54, Ashley Krüger1, Myra F. Laird18,19,20, Damiano Marchi55,56, Marc R. Meyer57,58, Shahed Nalla59,60, Enquye W. Negash61,62, Caley M. Orr63,64, Davorka Radovčić65,66, Lauren Schroeder32,67, Joseph W. Scott68,69, Zachary Throckmorton70,71, Matthew W. Tocheri72,73, Caroline VanSickle3,4,74, Christopher S. Walker7,8, Pianpian Wei75,76, Bernhard Zipfel1
1Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
2School of Geosciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
3Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
4Department of Anthropology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
5Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States
6Department of Anthropology, Texas A&M University, College Station, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
7Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, United States
8Department of Evolutionary Anthropology, Duke University, Durham, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
9Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
10Anthropological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
11Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, United States
12Department of Anthropology, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
13Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany
14Department of Human Evolution, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
15School, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
16Department of Anthropology/Archaeology and Department of Applied Forensic Sciences, Mercyhurst University, Erie, United States
17Department of Anthropology/Archaeology and Department of Applied Forensic Sciences, Mercyhurst University, Erie, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
18Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, United States
19Center for the Study of Human Origins, Department of Anthropology, New York University, New York, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, United States
20New York Consortium in Evolutionary Primatology, New York, United States
21Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States
22Department of Anthropology, Dartmouth College, Hanover, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
23Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, United States
24Department of Anthropology, University of Colorado Denver, Denver, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
25Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
26School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough, United Kingdom
27Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States
28Department of Anthropology, Tulane University, New Orleans, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
29Department of Anthropology, Lehman College, Bronx, United States
30Department of Anthropology, Lehman College, Bronx, United States; Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
31Division of Paleontology, American Museum of Natural History, New York, United States
32Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa
33Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
34Paleoanthropology Group, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales, Madrid, Spain
35Department of Anthropology, Modesto Junior College, Modesto, United States
36Department of Anthropology, Modesto Junior College, Modesto, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
37Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States
38Department of Geography and Anthropology, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
39Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
40School of Humanities and Social Sciences, Nazarbayev University, Astana, Kazakhstan
41Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States
42Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
43Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, United States
44Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
45Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Human Evolutionary Studies Program and Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
46Human Evolutionary Studies Program and Department of Archaeology, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, Canada
47Department d'Anthropologie, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
48Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
49School of Archaeology and Anthropology, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
50Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, Universidad Autònoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
51Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, United States
52Department of Anatomy, Midwestern University, Downers Grove, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
53Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa; Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
54Research Centre in Evolutionary Anthropology and Palaeoecology, Liverpool John Moores University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
55Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
56Department of Biology, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
57Department of Anthropology, Chaffey College, Rancho Cucamonga, United States
58Department of Anthropology, Chaffey College, Rancho Cucamonga, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
59Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa
60Department of Human Anatomy and Physiology, University of Johannesburg, Johannesburg, South Africa; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
61Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, United States
62Center for the Advanced Study of Human Paleobiology, George Washington University, Washington, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
63Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States
64Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
65Department of Geology and Paleontology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia
66Department of Geology and Paleontology, Croatian Natural History Museum, Zagreb, Croatia; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
67Department of Archaeology, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, South Africa; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
68Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States
69Department of Anthropology, University of Iowa, Iowa City, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
70Department of Anatomy, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, United States
71Department of Anatomy, DeBusk College of Osteopathic Medicine, Lincoln Memorial University, Harrogate, United States; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
72Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada
73Department of Anthropology, Lakehead University, Thunder Bay, Canada; Human Origins Program, Department of Anthropology, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, United States
74Department of Gender and Women's Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, United States
75Department of Paleoanthropology, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, China
76Department of Paleoanthropology, Institute of Vertebrate Paleontology and Paleoanthropology, Beijing, China; Evolutionary Studies Institute and Centre of Excellence in PalaeoSciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa

Tóm tắt

Homo naledi là một loài hominin đã tuyệt chủng chưa từng được biết đến trước đây, được phát hiện trong Phòng Dinaledi của hệ thống hang Rising Star, nơi được mệnh danh là Nôi của nhân loại, tại Nam Phi. Loài này được đặc trưng bởi khối lượng cơ thể và tầm vóc tương tự như các quần thể người có thân hình nhỏ bé, nhưng có thể tích sọ nhỏ giống như các loài australopith. Hình thái sọ của H. naledi là độc nhất, nhưng tương tự nhất với các loài Homo đầu tiên như Homo erectus, Homo habilis hoặc Homo rudolfensis. Mặc dù mang nhiều đặc điểm nguyên thủy, hàm răng của chúng thường nhỏ và có hình thái khớp cắn đơn giản. H. naledi có thích nghi thao tác của bàn tay và cổ tay giống người. Nó cũng thể hiện bàn chân và chi dưới giống với con người. Những khía cạnh giống người này được đối chiếu với phần thân dưới có hình thái nguyên thủy hơn hoặc giống như australopith ở thân, vai, xương chậu và xương đùi gần đó. Đại diện cho ít nhất 15 cá thể với hầu hết các bộ phận xương được lặp lại nhiều lần, đây là bộ sưu tập lớn nhất của một loài hominin đơn lẻ được phát hiện ở châu Phi cho đến nay.

Từ khóa


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