High Self‐Control Predicts Good Adjustment, Less Pathology, Better Grades, and Interpersonal Success

Journal of Personality - Tập 72 Số 2 - Trang 271-324 - 2004
June P. Tangney1, Roy F. Baumeister2, Angie Luzio Boone2
1Department of Psychology, Case Western Reserve University, 4400 University Drive, Fairfax, VA 22030-4444, USA.
2George Mason University

Tóm tắt

AbstractWhat good is self‐control? We incorporated a new measure of individual differences in self‐control into two large investigations of a broad spectrum of behaviors. The new scale showed good internal consistency and retest reliability. Higher scores on self‐control correlated with a higher grade point average, better adjustment (fewer reports of psychopathology, higher self‐esteem), less binge eating and alcohol abuse, better relationships and interpersonal skills, secure attachment, and more optimal emotional responses. Tests for curvilinearity failed to indicate any drawbacks of so‐called overcontrol, and the positive effects remained after controlling for social desirability. Low self‐control is thus a significant risk factor for a broad range of personal and interpersonal problems.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Ainsworth M. S., 1978, Patterns of attachment: A psychological study of the strange situation

American Psychiatric Association, 1994, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fourth Edition

Avakame E. F., 1998, Intergenerational transmission of violence, self‐control, and conjugal violence, Violence & Victims, 13, 301, 10.1891/0886-6708.13.3.301

10.1037/h0061962

Baumeister R. F., 1994, Losing control: How and why people fail at self‐regulation

10.1037/0033-2909.115.2.243

10.1037/10068-000

10.1037/13141-000

Block J., 1996, IQ and Ego‐Resiliency, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 70, 349

Bowlby J., 1982, Attachment and loss, Vol. I: Attachment

Brandon J. E., 1990, The self‐control questionnaire, Health Values, 14, 3

10.1177/0022427898035002001

10.1007/978-1-4612-5887-2

10.1037/0033-2909.92.1.111

10.1017/CBO9781139174794

10.1016/S0006-3223(96)00426-X

10.1080/01639625.1998.9968087

10.1016/S0191-8869(97)00214-6

Cox S. P.(2000).Leader character: A model of personality and moral development. Doctoral dissertation University of Tulsa.

10.1037/h0047358

Davis M. H., 1980, A multidimensional approach to individual differences in empathy, JSAS Catalog of Selected Documents in Psychology, 10, 85

10.1037/0022-3514.44.1.113

10.1037/0022-3514.53.2.397

Derogatis L. R., 1989, Description and bibliography for the SCL‐90‐R and other instruments of the psychopathology rating scale series

10.1002/1097-4679(197710)33:4<981::AID-JCLP2270330412>3.0.CO;2-0

Derogatis L. R., 1973, The SCL‐90, Psychopharmacology Bulletin, 9, 13

10.1192/bjp.128.3.280

Eisenberg N., 1986, Altruistic cognition, emotion, and behavior

10.1111/j.1467-8624.1997.tb04227.x

Engels R. Finkenauer C. &Den Exter Blokland(2000).Parental influences on self‐control and juvenile delinquency. Manuscript in preparation Utrecht University Netherlands.

10.1111/1467-8624.00031

Fagen S. A., 1975, Teaching children self‐control: Preventing emotional and learning problems in the elementary school

Fee R., 2000, Procrastination, Journal of Social Behavior and Personality, 15, 167

10.2466/pr0.1995.77.3.971

10.1037/h0076760

Finkel E. &Campbell W. K.(2000 February).Ego depletion and accommodation in romantic relationships. Poster presented at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology Nashville TN.

10.1080/0300443850220105

Freud S., 1930, Civilization and its discontents

10.1002/1098-108X(198321)2:2<15::AID-EAT2260020203>3.0.CO;2-6

10.1177/0022427898035001002

10.1037/1040-3590.4.1.26

Gosselin J. T. Boone A. L. Sinek D. &Tangney J. P.(2001).The Brief Perfectionism Scale. George Mason University Fairfax VA.

10.1515/9781503621794

Gough H. G., 1987, California Psychological Inventory‐ Administrator's Guide

10.1037/h0062924

10.1177/0146167200264006

10.1177/0146167297235001

10.1037/0022-3514.52.3.511

10.1037/0022-3514.59.2.270

10.1037/0893-164X.7.4.225

10.1037/0033-2909.110.1.86

10.1037/0022-3514.41.6.1106

10.1037/0022-3514.60.3.456

10.1037/0021-843X.102.1.58

10.1007/BF00960777

Jackson D. N., 1976, Jackson Personality Inventory test manual

John O. P., 1990, Handbook of personality theory and research, 66

Johnston L. D., 1991, Drug use among American high school seniors, college students, and young adults, 1975–1990

10.1037/0022-3514.39.3.496

10.1037/0022-006X.47.6.1020

10.1037/0012-1649.36.2.220

10.1111/j.1467-6494.1996.tb00816.x

10.1111/j.1559-1816.1996.tb01123.x

10.1111/1467-6494.00001

10.2307/3097145

10.1177/0093854898025001005

Maszk P., 1999, Relations of children's social status to their emotionality and regulation, Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 45, 468

10.1080/10683169408411944

Millon T., 1997, The MCMI‐III Manual, Second Edition

10.1037/0022-3514.54.4.687

Moos S. R., 1981, Family Environment Scale Manual

Mruk C. J., 1995, Self‐esteem: Research, theory, and practice

10.1037/0033-2909.126.2.247

10.1111/j.1467-9507.1997.tb00092.x

10.1111/1467-7687.00269

Paulhus D. L.(1988).Assessing self‐deception and impression management in self‐reports:The Balanced Inventory of Desirable Responding. Unpublished manual University of British Columbia Vancouver Canada.

10.1016/S0306-4603(98)00056-2

Porteus S. D., 1965, Porteus Maze Test: Fifty years Application

10.1002/cbm.1995.5.4.424

10.1016/0092-6566(85)90029-7

10.1037/0022-3514.58.3.499

Rohde T.(2000).Cross‐validation of measures of self‐control and behavioral inhibition in young adults. Unpublished thesis.

Romal J. B., 1995, Difference in self‐control among spenders and savers, Psychology—A Quarterly Journal of Human Behavior, 32, 8

Rosenbaum M., 1980, A schedule for assessing self‐control behaviors, Behavior Therapy, 11, 109, 10.1016/S0005-7894(80)80040-2

10.1111/j.1559-1816.2002.tb02765.x

10.1037/0022-3514.42.1.5

10.1207/s15327752jpa6303_8

10.15288/jsa.1975.36.117

10.2466/pr0.1995.76.3.707

10.1037/0012-1649.26.6.978

Smith S. M.(2001: February).Self‐control and academic performance. Presented at the Society for Personality and Social Psychology San Antonio TX.

Storey F. S., 1999, Childhood abuse and self‐regulation, Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: the Sciences & Engineering, 59, 3717

10.1037/0022-3514.61.4.598

10.1037/11100-001

10.1177/0002764295038008008

Tangney J. P., 1995, Self‐conscious emotions: Shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride, 114

10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.780

Tangney J. P., 1999, Multidimensional Forgiveness Scale.

Tangney J. P., 1995, Self‐conscious emotions: Shame, guilt, embarrassment, and pride, 343

10.1037/0022-3514.70.6.1256

10.1037/0022-3514.70.4.797

Tangney J. P. Wagner P. &Gramzow R.(1989).The Test of Self‐Conscious Affect(TOSCA). Fairfax VA: George Mason University.

10.1037/0021-843X.101.3.469

Tangney J. P. Wagner P. E. Marschall D. &Gramzow R.(1991).The Anger Response Inventory(ARI). Fairfax VA: George Mason University.

10.1037/0033-2909.103.2.193

10.1111/j.1467-9280.1997.tb00460.x

10.1002/cbm.1995.5.4.439

Twenge J. M., 2000, Decision fatigue: Making multiple personal decisions depletes the self's resources

10.1207/s15327906mbr2601_1

Whitley Bernard E., 1983, Sex role orientation and self‐esteem, Journal of Personality & Social Psychology, 44, 765, 10.1037/0022-3514.44.4.765

Williamson D., 1990, Drinking, Princeton Alumni Weekly, 90, 14

10.1037/0022-3514.68.5.901

10.1177/0013164495055002002

Zimmerman B. J., Construct validation of a strategy model of student self‐regulated learning, Journal of Educational Psychology, 80, 284, 10.1037/0022-0663.80.3.284

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Journal of Personality

Tập 72 Số 2

271-324

Thông tin tác giả