Hierarchical filters determine community assembly of urban species pools

Ecology - Tập 97 Số 11 - Trang 2952-2963 - 2016
Myla F. J. Aronson1, Charles H. Nilon2, Christopher A. Lepczyk3, Tommy S. Parker4, Paige S. Warren5, S.S. Cilliers6, Mark A. Goddard7, Amy K. Hahs8, Cecilia Herzog9, Madhusudan Katti10, Frank A. La Sorte11, Nicholas Williams8,12, Wayne C. Zipperer13
1Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Natural Resources, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, 08901 USA
2School of Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, 65211 USA
3School of Forestry and Wildlife Sciences, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, 36849 USA
4Ecological Research Center, The University of Memphis, Memphis, Tennessee, 38152 USA
5Department of Environmental Conservation, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
6Unit of Environmental Sciences and Management, North-West University, Potchefstroom, 2520 South Africa
7School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 7RU, UK
8Australian Research Centre for Urban Ecology, Royal Botanic Gardens Victoria, c/o School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, 3010 Australia
9Department of Architecture and Urbanism Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Rio de Janeiro Rio de Janeiro 22451‐900 Brazil
10Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, Chancellor's Faculty Excellence Program for Leadership in Public Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, 27695 USA
11Cornell Laboratory of Ornithology, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, 14850 USA
12School of Ecosystem and Forest Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Richmond, Victoria, 3121 Australia
13USDA Forest Service Southern Research Station, Gainesville, Florida, 32611 USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractThe majority of humanity now lives in cities or towns, with this proportion expected to continue increasing for the foreseeable future. As novel ecosystems, urban areas offer an ideal opportunity to examine multi‐scalar processes involved in community assembly as well as the role of human activities in modulating environmental drivers of biodiversity. Although ecologists have made great strides in recent decades at documenting ecological relationships in urban areas, much remains unknown, and we still need to identify the major ecological factors, aside from habitat loss, behind the persistence or extinction of species and guilds of species in cities. Given this paucity of knowledge, there is an immediate need to facilitate collaborative, interdisciplinary research on the patterns and drivers of biodiversity in cities at multiple spatial scales. In this review, we introduce a new conceptual framework for understanding the filtering processes that mold diversity of urban floras and faunas. We hypothesize that the following hierarchical series of filters influence species distributions in cities: (1) regional climatic and biogeographical factors; (2) human facilitation; (3) urban form and development history; (4) socioeconomic and cultural factors; and (5) species interactions. In addition to these filters, life history and functional traits of species are important in determining community assembly and act at multiple spatial scales. Using these filters as a conceptual framework can help frame future research needed to elucidate processes of community assembly in urban areas. Understanding how humans influence community structure and processes will aid in the management, design, and planning of our cities to best support biodiversity.

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Ecology

Tập 97 Số 11

2952-2963

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