Hidden Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Class

Psychological Science - Tập 28 Số 2 - Trang 162-170 - 2017
Sébastien Goudeau1, Jean‐Claude Croizet1
1Centre de Recherches sur la Cognition et l’Apprentissage and CNRS Unité Mixte de Recherche 7295, Université de Poitiers

Tóm tắt

Three studies conducted among fifth and sixth graders examined how school contexts disrupt the achievement of working-class students by staging unfair comparison with their advantaged middle-class peers. In regular classrooms, differences in performance among students are usually showcased in a way that does not acknowledge the advantage (i.e., higher cultural capital) experienced by middle-class students, whose upbringing affords them more familiarity with the academic culture than their working-class peers have. Results of Study 1 revealed that rendering differences in performance visible in the classroom by having students raise their hands was enough to undermine the achievement of working-class students. In Studies 2 and 3, we manipulated students’ familiarity with an arbitrary standard as a proxy for social class. Our results suggest that classroom settings that make differences in performance visible undermine the achievement of the students who are less familiar with academic culture. In Study 3, we showed that being aware of the advantage in familiarity with a task restores the performance of the students who have less familiarity with the task.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1037/0012-1649.40.2.204

10.1037/e582962010-001

10.1037/a0027478

Bandura A., 1997, Self-efficacy: The exercise of control

10.1016/j.jml.2012.11.001

Bates D., Maechler M., Bolker B., Walker S. (2013). lme4: Linear mixed-effects models using Eigen and S4 (Version 1.0-5) [Software]. Retrieved from http://CRAN.R-project.org/package=lme4

10.1177/13670069010050030501

Bourdieu P., 1974, Contemporary research in the sociology of education, 32

Bourdieu P., 1979, Distinction: A social critique of the judgment of taste

Bourdieu P., 1990, Reproduction in education, society and culture

10.1111/1467-8624.t01-1-00382

10.1525/sp.2003.50.1.136

10.1177/0146167298246003

Croizet J.-C., 2012, Stereotype threat: Theory, process and application, 188

Duncan G., 1997, Consequences of growing up poor

Guinier L., 2015, The tyranny of the meritocracy: Democratizing higher education in America

10.1037/a0015558

Kelley H. H., 1967, Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 15, 192

Kuznetsova A., Brockhoff P. B., Christensen R. H. B. (2016). lmerTest: Tests in linear mixed effects models (Version 2.0-32) [Software]. Retrieved from http://cran.r-project.org/web/packages/lmerTest/

Labov W., 1970, The logic of non-standard English

Lahire B., 1993, Culture écrite et inégalités scolaires. Sociologie de “l’échec scolaire” à l’école

Lahire B., 2008, La raison scolaire: École et pratiques d’écriture, entre savoir et pouvoir

10.2307/202113

Lareau A., 2001, Social class, poverty, and education: Policy and practice, 77

Lareau A., 2003, Unequal childhoods: Class, race, and family life

10.1023/B:RYSO.0000004951.04408.b0

Ministère de l’Education Nationale de la Recherche et de l’Enseignement Supérieur. (2003). Evaluations de rentrée. Cahier des élèves pour l’évaluation nationale de cinquième [Beginning-of-year evaluation: Student booklet for the national evaluation of the fifth year]. Retrieved from http://cisad.pleiade.education.fr/eval/pages-03/telech/cinquieme/les_pdf/cahierfr5eleve.pdf

10.1037/0022-3514.93.2.194

10.1007/978-1-4419-0318-1

10.1016/S1364-6613(02)01964-2

Plaut V. C., 2005, Handbook of competence and motivation, 457

R Development Core Team. (2014). R: A language and environment for statistical computing (Version 3.1.2) [Computer software]. Retrieved from https://www.r-project.org/index.html

10.1177/0956797615623770

Ryan K., 2013, Teaching for student learning: Becoming a master teacher, 2

10.1214/aos/1176344136

10.1371/journal.pone.0071678

10.1037/a0027143

10.1146/annurev-psych-010213-115143

10.1187/cbe.13-06-0115

Wechsler D., 2004, The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, 4

10.1037/xge0000014

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Psychological Science

Tập 28 Số 2

162-170

Thông tin tác giả