Hepatic stem cells: from inside and outside the liver?

Cell Proliferation - Tập 37 Số 1 - Trang 1-21 - 2004
Malcolm Alison1, Pamela Vig1, Francesco Paolo Russo2, Brian Bigger3, Eunice Amofah2, Michael Themis3, Stuart J. Forbes2
1Department of Histopathology
2Department of Hepatology and
3Gene Therapy Group, Imperial College, London

Tóm tắt

Abstract.   The liver is normally proliferatively quiescent, but hepatocyte loss through partial hepatectomy, uncomplicated by virus infection or inflammation, invokes a rapid regenerative response from all cell types in the liver to perfectly restore liver mass. Moreover, hepatocyte transplants in animals have shown that a certain proportion of hepatocytes in foetal and adult liver can clonally expand, suggesting that hepatoblasts/hepatocytes are themselves the functional stem cells of the liver. More severe liver injury can activate a potential stem cell compartment located within the intrahepatic biliary tree, giving rise to cords of bipotential transit amplifying cells (oval cells), that can ultimately differentiate into hepatocytes and biliary epithelial cells. A third population of stem cells with hepatic potential resides in the bone marrow; these haematopoietic stem cells may contribute to the albeit low renewal rate of hepatocytes, but can make a more significant contribution to regeneration under a very strong positive selection pressure. In such instances, cell fusion rather than transdifferentiation appears to be the underlying mechanism by which the haematopoietic genome becomes reprogrammed.

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Cell Proliferation

Tập 37 Số 1

1-21

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