Các tế bào gốc huyết học: khái niệm, định nghĩa và thực tế mới

Blood - Tập 125 - Trang 2605-2613 - 2015
Connie J. Eaves1
1Terry Fox Laboratory, British Columbia Cancer Agency Vancouver, BC, Canada; and Department of Medical Genetics, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắt Nghiên cứu về tế bào gốc huyết học (HSC) bắt đầu từ những năm 1950 với việc chứng minh rằng các tế bào tủy xương được tiêm qua tĩnh mạch có thể cứu sống chuột bị chiếu xạ do khôi phục sản xuất tế bào máu. Những nỗ lực nhằm định lượng các tế bào chịu trách nhiệm đã dẫn đến việc phát hiện ra các thuộc địa đa dòng, có thể cấy ghép liên tiếp, có nguồn gốc từ người cho, có thể quan sát thấy trên bề mặt lách từ 1 đến 2 tuần sau khi cấy ghép. Khái niệm về HSC đa năng tự tái sinh đã ra đời, nhưng đi kèm là những bằng chứng gây khó hiểu về sự biến đổi lớn trong các kết quả của các lần phân chia tự tái sinh của HSC. 60 năm tiếp theo chứng kiến sự bùng nổ trong việc phát triển và sử dụng các công cụ tinh vi hơn để đánh giá hành vi của các tập hợp tế bào huyết học đã được tinh chế và có khả năng sản xuất tế bào máu. Những phát triển này đã dẫn đến việc hình thành các mô hình phân cấp ngày càng phức tạp của quá trình huyết sinh và một danh sách ngày càng tăng của các yếu tố nội tại và ngoại lai điều chỉnh tình trạng chu kỳ HSC, khả năng sống sót, tự tái sinh và đầu ra dòng tế bào. Việc kiểm tra gần đây các đặc tính này ở các HSC đơn lẻ, tinh khiết cao và phân tích khả năng duy trì của chúng trong các HSC con được tạo ra từ dòng đã cung cấp bằng chứng xác thực về sự biến thể được truyền tải theo tuyến tính trong các trạng thái của HSC. Những kết quả này báo hiệu nhu cầu và việc sử dụng các công nghệ mới nổi để thiết lập các mô hình sẽ phù hợp với những đặc điểm đa dạng của HSC và các cơ chế kiểm soát của chúng.

Từ khóa

#tế bào gốc huyết học #huyết sinh #tự tái sinh #mô hình phân cấp #biến thể trong trạng thái HSC

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