Healthy Land? An Examination of the Area-Level Association between Brownfield Land and Morbidity and Mortality in England

Environment and Planning A - Tập 46 Số 2 - Trang 433-454 - 2014
Clare Bambra1, Steve Robertson2, Adetayo Kasim3, Joe Smith2, Joanne‐Marie Cairns4, Alison Copeland4, Nina Finlay5, Karen L. Johnson2
1Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, Queens Campus. Stockton on Tees, TS17 6BH, England; and Department of Geography, Durham University, Durham, DH1 3LE, England and Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University, Durham DH1 3LE, England
2Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, and Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University, and School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University
3Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University
4Wolfson Research Institute for Health and Wellbeing, Durham University, and Department of Geography, Durham University, and Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University
5Institute of Hazard, Risk and Resilience, Durham University, and School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University

Tóm tắt

It is increasingly understood that the physical environment remains an important determinant of area-level health and spatial and socioeconomic health inequalities. Existing research has largely focused on the health effects of differential access to green space, the proximity of waste facilities, or air pollution. The role of brownfield—or previously developed—land has been largely overlooked. This is the case even in studies that utilise multiple measures of environmental deprivation. This paper presents the results of the first national-scale empirical examination of the association between brownfield land and morbidity and mortality, using data from England. Census Area Statistical ward-level data on the relative proportion of brownfield land (calculated from the 2009 National Land Use Database), standardised morbidity (2001 Census measures of ‘not good’ general health and limiting long-term illness), and premature (aged under 75 years) all-cause mortality ratios from 1998/99 to 2002/03 were examined using linear mixed modelling (adjusting for potential environmental, socioeconomic, and demographic confounders). A significant and strong, adjusted, area-level association was found between brownfield land and morbidity: People living in wards with a high proportion of brownfield land are significantly more likely to suffer from poorer health than those living in wards with a small proportion of brownfield land. This suggests that brownfield land could potentially be an important and previously overlooked independent environmental determinant of population health in England. The remediation and redevelopment of brownfield land should therefore be considered as a public health policy issue.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1007/s00038-009-0069-z

10.1016/S1353-8292(03)00013-3

10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199588299.001.0001

10.1056/NEJM198307073090104

Baum A, 1985, Advances in Environmental Psychology, 185

10.1093/eurpub/ckp221

10.1016/S1353-8292(00)00037-X

10.1016/j.healthplace.2012.02.011

10.1002/9780470692110.ch3

10.1016/S0277-9536(00)00259-8

Concerted Action on Brownfield and Economic Regeneration Network, 2012, “Model 2: ‘Brownfield Redevelopment Types, the A-B-C Model’, http://www.cabernet.org.uk/index.asp?c=1312

Copeland A, 2002, Elderly People in Barking & Dagenham and Havering: Small Area Variations in the Population and Use of Care

10.1136/jech.39.1.53

10.1136/jech.2003.016147

Curtis S, 2010, Space, Place and Mental Health

Smith G Davey, 2001, Understanding Health Inequalities, 25

10.1068/a35111

10.1016/0277-9536(93)90373-C

Environment Agency, 2005, Indicators for Land Contamination. Science Report SC030039/SR

Environment Agency, 2009, Human Health Toxicological Assessment of Contaminants In Soil. Science Report SC050021/SR2

10.1136/oem.52.2.73

10.1097/00006254-200104000-00024

Goffman E, 1963, Stigma: Notes on the Management of Spoiled Identity

10.1016/S0272-4944(02)00109-3

Health Protection Agency, 2010 An Introduction to Land Contamination for Public Health Professionals Cardiff http://www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/1242198452810

Health Protection Agency, 2012 Compendium of Chemical Hazards http://www.hpa.org.uk/Topics/ChemicalsAndPoisons/CompendiumOfChemicalHazards/

Homes and Communities Agency 2011, “Previously developed land that may be available for development: Results from the 2009 National Land Use Database of Previously-Developed Land in England”, http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/sites/default/files/our-work/nlud-report-2009.pdf

Homes and Communities Agency 2012a, “2009 Site level data reported in the National Land Use Database (NLUD)”, http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/sites/default/files/our-work/NLUD2009SitesMV.zip

Homes and Communities Agency 2012b, “Publications and data: Previously developed land report”, http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/ourwork/publications-and-data

Homes and Communities Agency 2012c, “NLUD-PDL results and analysis, 2009 site level data”, http://www.homesandcommunities.co.uk/nlud-pdl-results-and-analysis

10.1056/NEJMoa021672

10.1093/jurban/79.4.464

10.1289/ehp.02110s2183

10.1136/jech.2005.043125

10.1136/jech.2008.079038

Macintyre S, 2000, “Housing tenure and car ownership: Why do they predict health and longevity?”

Macintyre S, 2001, Understanding Health Inequalities, 129

10.1016/j.socscimed.2008.05.029

Marmot M, 2010, Fair Society, Healthy Lives: The Marmot Review

10.1093/eurpub/ckp216

10.1136/jech.2006.053553

10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61689-X

10.1136/jech.2010.119172

10.1016/j.healthplace.2007.02.001

10.1016/S0140-6736(88)90352-2

10.1111/j.1475-5661.2010.00399.x

10.1093/pubmed/22.4.525

10.1016/j.socscimed.2010.04.015

10.1068/a42459

Shortt N, 2011, Area, 43, 76

Stafford M, 2006, Social Determinants of Health, 78

10.1016/j.socscimed.2004.08.028

10.1136/bmj.323.7306.187

Townsend P, 1988, Health and Deprivation: Inequality and the North

10.1016/j.healthplace.2004.05.001

10.1016/0140-6736(91)91911-D

World Health Organisation, 2008, Commission on the Social Determinants of Health: Closing the Gap in a Generation

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Environment and Planning A

Tập 46 Số 2

433-454

Thông tin tác giả