Have <scp>C</scp>hinese water pricing reforms reduced urban residential water demand?

Water Resources Research - Tập 53 Số 6 - Trang 5057-5069 - 2017
Bing Zhang1,2,3, K. H. Fang3, Kenneth A. Baerenklau4
1Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China
2School of Government, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
3State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
4School of Public Policy, University of California-Riverside, Riverside, California, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractChina continues to deal with severe levels of water scarcity and water pollution. To help address this situation, the Chinese central government initiated urban water pricing reforms in 2002 that emphasized the adoption of increasing block rate (IBR) price structures in place of existing uniform rate structures. By combining urban water use records with microlevel data from the Chinese Urban Household Survey, this research investigates the effectiveness of this national policy reform. Specifically, we compare household water consumption in 28 cities that adopted IBR pricing structures during 2002–2009, with that of 110 cities that had not yet done so. Based on difference‐in‐differences models, our results show that the policy reform reduced annual residential water demand by 3–4% in the short run and 5% in the longer run. These relatively modest reductions are consistent with the generous nature of the IBR pricing structures that Chinese cities have typically chosen to implement. Our results imply that more efforts are needed to address China's persistent urban water scarcity challenges.

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Water Resources Research

Tập 53 Số 6

5057-5069

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