Habitual Risk Factors for Head and Neck Cancer

Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery - Tập 131 - Trang 986-993 - 2004
David Goldenberg1, Juna Lee1, Wayne M. Koch1, Michael M. Kim1, Barry Trink, David Sidransky2, Chul-So Moon3,2
1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
2Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD USA
3Department of Otolaryngology–Head and Neck Surgery, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA

Tóm tắt

Chronic tobacco smoking and alcohol consumption are well‐established risk factors for the development of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the head and neck. There are, however, a variety of other habitual and culturally based activities that are less commonly seen in the Western world and that are also risks factors for the development of this type of cancer. In this era of globalization, many of these habits have now crossed borders and appear in various areas throughout the world. This article reviews habitual and social risk factors for cancer of the head and neck, excluding smoking and alcohol consumption. These factors include chewing tobacco and snuff, areca nut in its various forms, Khat leaves, and the drinking of Maté. EBM rating: D. (Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2004;131: 986–93.)

Tài liệu tham khảo

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