Trẻ sơ sinh tiếp xúc với HIV bị nhiễm EBV có khả năng duy trì phản ứng miễn dịch đối với vaccine HBV thấp hơn

Silvia Baroncelli1, Clementina Maria Galluzzo1, Giuseppe Liotta2, Mauro Andreotti1, Stefano Orlando2, Fausto Ciccacci3, Robert Mphwere4, Richard Luhanga4, Jean-Baptiste Sagno4, Roberta Amici1, Maria Cristina Marazzi5, Marina Giuliano1
1National Center for Global Health, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
2Department of Biomedicine and Prevention, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy
3Saint Camillus International University of Health Sciences, Rome, Italy
4DREAM Program, Community of S. Egidio, P.O. Box 30355, Blantyre, Malawi
5Department of Human Sciences, LUMSA University, Via Traspontina 21, 00193, Rome, Italy

Tóm tắt

Tóm tắtĐặt vấn đề

Tại các quốc gia ở châu Phi cận Sahara, nhiễm virus Epstein Barr (EBV) xảy ra ở trẻ em trong thời kỳ đầu đời. Mục tiêu của chúng tôi là điều tra các yếu tố liên quan đến việc nhiễm EBV và tác động của nhiễm EBV đến phản ứng miễn dịch thể dịch đối với vaccine HBV ở trẻ sơ sinh sinh ra từ những bà mẹ dương tính với HIV và đang điều trị thuốc kháng retrovirus tại Malawi.

Phương pháp

Tổng cộng có 149 trẻ sơ sinh tiếp xúc với HIV đã được đưa vào nghiên cứu theo chiều dọc này. Kháng thể EBV anti-VCA IgG đã được đo bằng phương pháp ELISA. Sự chuyển đổi huyết thanh EBV được công nhận có liên quan đến tình trạng vi rút - miễn dịch của mẹ, sự phát triển của trẻ sơ sinh và khả năng miễn dịch, cũng như phản ứng thể dịch với vaccine HBV.

Kết quả

Không có trẻ sơ sinh nào dương tính với EBV ở tháng thứ 6 (n. 52 đã được thử nghiệm). Hơn 1/3 trẻ sơ sinh (49/115 hoặc 42,6%) trong nghiên cứu sau 6 tháng đã chuyển từ âm tính sang dương tính ở tháng thứ 12. Ở tháng thứ 24, trong số 66 trẻ được thử nghiệm, chỉ có 13 trẻ vẫn chưa nhiễm EBV, trong khi 53 trẻ (80,3%) đã nhiễm EBV, làm tăng tổng tỷ lệ chuyển đổi huyết thanh EBV lên 88,7% (102/115 trẻ sơ sinh). Việc chuyển đổi huyết thanh EBV có liên quan đáng kể đến trình độ giáo dục thấp của mẹ nhưng không ảnh hưởng đến sự phát triển của trẻ sơ sinh hoặc khả năng dễ bị nhiễm trùng. Mức độ HBsAb giảm và mất kháng thể nhanh chóng liên quan đến việc chuyển đổi huyết thanh EBV sớm.

Kết luận

Chúng tôi phát hiện ra thời điểm nhiễm EBV rất đa dạng với phần lớn trẻ sơ sinh sinh ra từ những bà mẹ dương tính với HIV nhiễm virus sau 6 tháng. Mức độ anti-HBs thấp hơn và có vẻ như suy giảm nhanh hơn ở những trẻ sơ sinh nhiễm EBV.

Từ khóa


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