Graduate development programmes and satisfaction levels

Emerald - Tập 30 Số 6 - Trang 456-471 - 2006
EdelMcDermott1, JohnMangan2, MarionO'Connor3
1AIB Group, Bankcentre, Dublin, Ireland
2Business School, The University of Hull, Hull, UK
3Fáilte Ireland, Dublin, Ireland

Tóm tắt

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to examine the perceived progress of graduates who have been recruited by organisations and to assess their expectations and corresponding satisfaction levels. Drawing on the psychological contract and graduate development literature, the objective of the study was to compare the opinions of graduates from an organisation that offers a graduate development programme (GDP) to graduates from an organisation that does not offer such a programme.Design/methodology/approachIn this paper there are interviews with HR managers, coupled with the design and distribution of a questionnaire to 126 graduates in two organisations with a response rate of 71 per cent (89 completed questionnaires).FindingsInteresting findings emerged from the research that suggest that while GDPs do have merit, they do not appear to result in graduates who are more satisfied. In fact the opposite appeared to be true. From the sample, it emerged that organisations that employ these programmes have graduates who are less satisfied than their counterparts in organisations with no such programmes.Practical implicationsA number of practical implications and recommendations were identified from the study, including the importance of monitoring graduate expectations and satisfaction levels, introducing short‐term development plans, re‐evaluating the terms of reference of the GDP and providing specific training for supervisors/managers of graduates. To ensure that GDPs play a positive part in ensuring the organisational commitment of the graduate, they must be carefully developed and managed.Originality/valueThe paper offers insights into satisfaction levels regarding GDPs.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Arnold, J. and Mackenzie Davey, K. (1999), “Graduates’ work experiences as predictors of organisational commitment, intention to leave, and turnover: which experiences really matter?”, Applied Psychology: An International Review, Vol. 48 No. 2, pp. 211‐88.

Arnold, J., Schalk, R., Bosley, S. and Van Overbeek, S. (2002), “Graduates' experiences of work in small organizations in the UK and the Netherlands”, International Small Business Journal, Vol. 20 No. 4, pp. 477‐97.

Berg, B. (1995), Qualitative Research Methods for the Social Sciences, Allyn and Bacon, London.

Blough, R.M. (1966), “Business can satisfy the young intellectual”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 49‐57.

Brown, G. (1998) in Flood, P.C., Turner, T. and Hannaway, C. (Eds), Attracting and Retaining Knowledge Employees Irish Management, Irish Management Institute, Dublin.

Cappelli, P. (2001), “Easy come, easy go”, People Management, 25 January, pp. 38‐40.

Davenport, T.H., Thomas, R.J. and Cantrell, S. (2002), “The mysterious art and science of knowledge‐worker performance”, MIT Sloan Management Review, Vol. 44 No. 1, pp. 23‐30.

Dean, R.A., Ferris, K. and Konstans, C. (1985), “Occupational reality shock and organizational commitment; evidence from the accounting profession”, Accounting, Organization and Society, Vol. 13 No. 3, pp. 235‐50.

Dessler, G. (1999), “How to earn your employees' commitment”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 13 No. 2, pp. 58‐67.

Doherty, N. (1996), “Surviving in an era of insecurity”, European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 5 No. 4, pp. 471‐8.

Doherty, N. and Horsted, J. (1995), “Helping survivors to stay on board”, People Management, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 26‐9.

Edwards, J.R. (1991), “Person‐job fit: a conceptual integration, literature review, a methodological critique”, in Cooper, C.L. and Robertson, I.T. (Eds), International Review of Industrial and Organisational Psychology, Wiley and Sons, New York, NY, pp. 282‐357.

Field, H.S. and Harris, S.G. (1991), “Entry‐level, fast‐track management development program: developmental tactics and perceived program effectiveness”, Human Resources Planning, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 261‐78.

Garavan, T.N. (2003), “Fast‐track graduate training and development programmes: a longitudinal study of predictors”, unpublished.

Garavan, T.N. and Morley, M. (1997), “The socialization of high‐potential graduates into the organization – initial expectations, experiences and outcomes”, Journal of Managerial Psychology, Vol. 12 No. 2, pp. 118‐37.

Garger, E.M. (1999), “Holding onto high performers: a strategic approach to retention”, Compensation and Benefits Management, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 10‐17.

Hermanson, H.M., Hill, M.C. and Ivancevich, S.H. (2002), “Who are we hiring? Characteristics of new entrants to the profession”, The CPA Journal, Vol. 72 No. 8.

Howard, S. (2003), “Graduate market matters”, People Management, Vol. 9 No. 3, p. 54.

Irving, P.G. and Meyer, J.P. (1995), “On using direct measures of met expectations: a methodological note”, Journal of Management, Vol. 21 No. 6, pp. 1159‐75.

Jaros, S.J., Jermier, J., Koehler, J.W. and Sincich, T. (1991), “Effects of calculative, affective and moral commitment on the turnover process: evaluation of three structural equation models”, Academy of Management Proceedings, pp. 220‐4.

Jones, G.R. (1986), “Socialisation tactics, self‐efficacy, and newcomers' adjustments to organizations”, Academy of Management Journal, Vol. 29 No. 2, pp. 262‐79.

Kandola, R., Wood, R., Dholakia, B. and Keane, C. (2001), The Graduate Recruitment Manual, Gower, Aldershot.

Kovach, B.E. (1989), “Successful derailment: what fast‐trainers can learn while they're off the track”, Organizational Dynamics, Vol. 18 No. 2, pp. 33‐47.

Knowles, V. and Stewart, J. (2001), “Graduate recruitment: implications for business and management courses in higher education”, Journal of European Industrial Training, Vol. 25 Nos 2/3/4, pp. 98‐108.

Mathieu, J. and Zajac, D. (1990), “A review and meta‐analysis of the antecedents, correlates and consequences of organisational commitment”, Psychological Bulletin, Vol. 108 No. 2, pp. 171‐94.

May, T., Yeuk‐Mai, T., Korczynski, M. and Frenkel, J. (2002), “Organizational and occupational commitment: knowledge workers in large corporations”, Journal of Management Studies, Vol. 39 No. 6, pp. 775‐801.

Mayrhofer, W., Steyrer, J., Meyer, M., Strunk, G., Shiffinger, M. and Iellatchitch, A. (2005), “Graduates' career aspirations and individual characteristics”, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 15 No. 1, pp. 38‐56.

Mitchell, T.R., Brooks, C.H. and Lee, T.W. (2001), “How to keep your best employees: developing an effective retention policy”, Academy of Management Executive, Vol. 15 No. 4, pp. 96‐108.

Okazaki‐Ward, L. (1993), Management Education and Training in Japan, Graham and Trotman, London, pp. 343‐59.

Pearson, R. (2001), “Graduates: work hard and be flexible”, The Institute for Employment Studies, April.

Roberts, Z. (2001), “Survey shows graduates value career prospects above salary”, People Management, Vol. 17 No. 18, 13 September., p. 9.

Rousseau, D. (2001), “Schema, promise and mutuality: the building blocks of the psychological contract”, Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, Vol. 74, pp. 511‐41.

Schein, E.H. (1964), “How to break in the college graduate”, Harvard Business Review, Vol. 42 No. 6, pp. 68‐76.

Steers, R.M. (1977), “Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment”, Administrative Science Quarterly, Vol. 22 No. 1, pp. 46‐56.

Sturges, J. and Guest, D. (2004), “Working to live or living to work? Work/life balance early in the career”, Human Resource Management Journal, Vol. 14 No. 4, pp. 5‐20.

Sturges, J. and Guest, D. (1999), Should I Stay or Should I Go? Issues Rating to the Retention of Graduate Recruits, The Association of Graduate Recruiters, Warwick.

Sturges, J., Conway, N., Guest, D. and Liefooghe, A. (2005), “Managing the career deal: the psychological contract as a framework and understanding career management, organizational commitment and work behaviour”, Journal of Organizational Behavior, Vol. 26, pp. 821‐38.

Ulucay, B. and Cuthbert, J. (1992), “Training and retention of graduates: to have and to hold”, Recruitment, Selection and Retention, Vol. 1 No. 1, pp. 29‐32.

Viney, C., Adamson, S. and Doherty, N. (1997), “Paradoxes of fast‐track career management”, Personnel Review, Vol. 26 No. 3, pp. 174‐86.