Golf and upper limb injuries: a summary and review of the literature
Tóm tắt
Golf is a popular past time that provides exercise with social interaction. However, as with all sports and activities, injury may occur. Many golf-related injuries occur in the upper limb, yet little research on the potential mechanisms of these injuries has been conducted. To review the current literature on golf-related upper limb injuries and report on potential causes of injury as it relates to the golf swing. An overview of the golf swing is described in terms of its potential to cause the frequently noted injuries. Most injuries occur at impact when the golf club hits the ball. This paper concludes that more research into golf-related upper limb injuries is required to develop a thorough understanding of how injuries occur. Types of research include epidemiology studies, kinematic swing analysis and electromyographic studies of the upper limb during golf. By conducting such research, preventative measures maybe developed to reduce golf related injury.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Gosheger G, Liem D, Ludwig K, Greshake O, Winkelmann W: Injuries and overuse syndromes in golf. Am J Sp Med. 2003, 31: 438-443.
McCarroll , Retting AC, Shelbourne KD: Injuries in the amateur golfer. Phys Sports Med. 1990, 18: 122-26.
Batt ME: A survey of golf injuries in amateur golfers. Br J Sports Med. 1992, 26: 63-5.
McCarroll JR, Gioe TJ: Professional golfers and the price they pay. Phys Sports Med. 1982, 10: 64-70.
Sugaya H, Tschiya A, Moriya H, Morgan DA, Banks SA: Low-Back Injury in Elite and Professional Golfers An Epidemiologic and Radiographic Study. Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf Science & Golf Ill: 20–24 July 1998; St. Andrews. Edited by: Farrally MR, Cochran AJ. 1998, Human Kinetics: Champaign, 83-91.
Burdorf A, Van Der Steenhoven GA, Tromp-Klaren EG: A one-year prospective study on back pain among novice golfers. Am J Sports Med. 1996, 24: 659-64.
Leigh RJ, Young DB: Back pain among junior golfers. Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf Science & Golf Ill: 20–24 July 1998; St. Andrews. Edited by: Farrally MR, Cochran AJ. 1998, Human Kinetics: Champaign, 92-6.
Hosea TM, Gatt CJ, Galli NA, et al: Biomechanical analysis of the golfer's back. Proceedings of the World Scientific Congress of Golf Science & Golf I: 20–24 July 1990; St. Andrews. Edited by: Cochran AJ, E, FN. 1990, Spon: London, 43-48.
McHardy A, Pollard H: Lower back pain in golfers: A review. J Chiro Med . 2005,
Hosea TM: Back pain in golf. Cl Sports Med. 1996, 15: 37-53.
Glazebrook MA, Curwin S, Islam MN, Kozey J, Stanish WD: Medial epicondylitis. An electromyographic analysis and an investigation of intervention strategies. Am J Sports Med. 1994, 22: 674-9.
Loftice J, Fleisig GS, Zheng N, Andrews JR: Biomechanics of the elbow in sports. Clin Sports Med. 2004, 23: 519-30. 10.1016/j.csm.2004.06.003.
McHardy A, Pollard H, Luo K: Golf injuries: A review. Sports Med. 2005,
Kao JT, Pink M, Jobe FW, Perry J: Electromyographic analysis of the scapular muscles during a golf swing. Am J Sports Med. 1995, 23: 19-23.
Pink M, Jobe FW, Perry J: Electromyographic analysis of the shoulder during the golf swing. Am J Sports Med. 1990, 18: 137-40.
Jobe FW, Perry J, Pink M: Electromyographic shoulder activity in men and women professional golfers. Am J Sports Med. 1989, 17: 782-7.
Moynes DR, Perry J, Antonelli DJ, Jobe FW: Electromyography and motion analysis of the upper extremity in sports. Phys Ther. 1986, 66: 1905-11.
Jobe FW, Moynes DR, Antonelli DJ: Rotator cuff function during a golf swing. Am J Sports Med. 1986, 14: 388-92.
Cahalan TD, Cooney WP, Tamai K, Chao EY: Biomechanics of the golf swing as related to club handle design. Biomechanics in sport. 1987, 6: 107-111.
Cahalan TD, Cooney WP, Tamai K, Chao EY: Biomechanics of the golf swing in players with pathologic conditions of the forearm, wrist, and hand. Am J Sports Med. 1991, 19: 288-93.
Anonymous: Golfers' wrist. Br Med J. 1977, 2 (6103): 1622-
Skolnick AA: 'Golfer's wrist' can be a tough break to diagnose. JAMA. 1998, 279: 571-572. 10.1001/jama.279.8.571.
Torisu T: Fracture of the hook of the hamate by a golfswing. Clin Orthop. 1972, 83: 91-94.
Maffulli N, Wong J, Almekinders LC: Types and epidemiology of tendinopathy. Clin Sports Med. 2003, 22: 675-92. 10.1016/S0278-5919(03)00004-8.
Clancy WG, Hagan SV: Tendinitis in golf. Clin Sports Med. 1996, 15: 27-35.
Murray PM, Cooney WP: Golf-induced injuries of the wrist. Clin Sports Med. 1996, 15: 85-109.
Guha AR, Marynissen H: Stress fracture of the hook of the hamate. Br J Sports Med. 2002, 36: 224-5. 10.1136/bjsm.36.3.224.
Walsh JJ, Bishop AT: Diagnosis and management of hamate hook fractures. Hand Clin. 2000, 16: 397-403.
Hsu WC, Chen WH, Oware A, Chiu HC: Unusual entrapment neuropathy in a golf player. Neurology. 2002, 59: 646-7.
Oka Y, Handa A: Recurrent dislocation of the ECU tendon in a golf player: release of the extensor retinaculum and partial resection of the ulno-dorsal ridge of the ulnar head. Hand Surg. 2001, 6: 227-30. 10.1142/S0218810401000680.
Mueller LP, Mueller LA, Degreif J: Hypothenar hammer syndrome in a golf player: A case report. Am J Sports Med. 2000, 28: 741-5.
McHardy A, Pollard H: Unusual cause of wrist pain in a golfer. Br J Sports Med. 2004, 38: e34-10.1136/bjsm.2004.011783.
Stockard AR: Elbow injuries in golf. J Am Osteopath Assoc. 2001, 101: 509-516.
Stover CN, Wiren G, Topaz SR: Modern golf swing and stress syndromes. Phys Sportsmed. 1976, 4: 42-47.
Mitchell K, Banks S, Morgan D, Sugaya H: Shoulder motions during the golf swing in male amateur golfers. J Orthop Sports Phys Ther. 2003, 33: 196-203.
Mallon WJ, Colosimo AJ: Acromioclavicular joint injury in competitive golfers. J South Orthop Assoc. 1995, 4: 277-82.
Hovis WD, Dean MT, Mallon WJ, Hawkins RJ: Posterior instability of the shoulder with secondary impingement in elite golfers. Am J Sports Med. 2002, 30: 886-90.
Bell R, Acus R, Noe D: A study of acromioclavicular forces. J Sh Elbow Surg. 1993, 2 (Suppl 24):
Jobe FW, Pink MM: Shoulder pain in golf. Clin Sports Med. 1996, 15: 55-63.
Jensen KL, Rockwood CA: Shoulder arthroplasty in recreational golfers. J Shoulder Elbow Surg. 1998, 7: 362-7. 10.1016/S1058-2746(98)90024-6.
Bulbulian R, Ball KA, Seaman DR: The short golf back swing : effects on performance and spinal health implications. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2001, 24: 569-75. 10.1067/mmt.2001.118982.
Portney LG, Watkins MP: Foundations of clinical research: Applications to practice. 2000, New Jersey NJ: Prentice Hall Health, 268-Second