Glutathione: A protective agent in <i>Salmonella typhimurium</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> as measured by mutagenicity and by growth delay assays

Wiley - Tập 8 Số 5 - Trang 659-673 - 1986
R. A. Owens1, Philip Hartman2
1Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore
2Department of Biology, The Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218

Tóm tắt

Abstract

Cultures of some aerobically grown strains of Salmonella typhimurium and Escherichia coli contain up to 24 μM extracellular glutathione (GSH) [Owens RO, Hartman PE (1985): Environ Mutagen 7(Suppl 3): 47] in addition to having intracellular GSH concentrations in the millimolar range. The addition of 26 μM GSH to cultures of Salmonella typhimurium strain TA1534 partially protected the bacteria from the toxic effects causing growth delay by 54 μM N‐methyl‐N'‐nitro‐N‐nitrosoguanidine (MNNG). When MNNG was preincubated with equimolar GSH, the mutagenicity of the MNNG was neutralized. The addition of micromolar GSH to cultures of an Escherichia coli GSH− strain protected the cells from growth inhibition by micromolar concentrations of mercuric chloride, methyl mercuric chloride, silver nitrate, cisplatin, cadmium chloride, cadmium sulfate, and iodoacetamide. In the cases of mercuric chloride, cisplatin, MNNG, silver nitrate, and iodoacetamide, reaction products with GSH were detected by paper chromatography. In contrast to reduced GSH, micromolar concentrations of oxidized glutathione (GSSG) provided little or no protection and formed no detectable reaction products. Export of GSH by enteric bacteria may provide an important defense mechanism against exogenous toxic agents otherwise active in the micromolar range.

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