Glutamine and glutamate—their central role in cell metabolism and function

Cell Biochemistry and Function - Tập 21 Số 1 - Trang 1-9 - 2003
Philip Newsholme1, Joaquim Procópio, Manuela Maria Ramos Lima, Tânia Cristina Pithon‐Curi, Rui Curi
1Department of Biochemistry, Conway Institute of Biomolecular and Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin, Ireland. [email protected]

Tóm tắt

AbstractGlucose is widely accepted as the primary nutrient for maintenance and promotion of cell function. However, we propose that the 5‐carbon amino acids, glutamine and glutamate, should be considered to be equally important for maintenance and promotion of cell function. The functions of glutamine are many and include: substrate for protein synthesis, anabolic precursor for muscle growth, acid–base balance in the kidney, substrate for ureogenesis in the liver, substrate for hepatic and renal gluconeogenesis, an oxidative fuel for intestine and cells of the immune system, inter‐organ nitrogen transport, precursor for neurotransmitter synthesis, precursor for nucleotide and nucleic acid synthesis and precursor for glutathione production. Many of these functions are connected to the formation of glutamate from glutamine. We propose that the unique properties regarding concentration and routes of metabolism of these amino acids allow them to be used for a diverse array of processes related to the specialized function of each of the glutamine utilizing cells. In this review we highlight the specialized aspects of glutamine/glutamate metabolism of different glutamine‐utilizing cells and in each case relate key aspects of metabolism to cell function. Copyright © 2002 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1111/j.1748-1716.1949.tb00614.x

Eagle H, 1956, The growth response of mammalian cells in tissue culture to L‐glutamine and L‐glutamic acid, J Biol Chem, 218, 607, 10.1016/S0021-9258(18)65826-0

10.1093/jn/131.9.2449S

CuriR.Glutamina—Metabolismo e Aplicações Clínicas e no Esporte. Sprint Ltda: Rio de Janeiro 2000; ISBN 85‐7332‐121‐0.

10.1097/00075197-200201000-00014

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1983.tb07759.x

10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb15101.x

10.1152/ajpendo.1996.270.3.E413

10.1152/ajpendo.1997.273.2.E408

10.1152/ajpendo.1999.277.3.E439

Gstraunthaler G, 2000, Differential expression and acid–base regulation of glutaminase mRNAs in gluconeogenic LLC‐PK (1) – FBPase (+) cells, Am J Physiol Renal Physiol, 278, 227, 10.1152/ajprenal.2000.278.2.F227

10.1152/ajprenal.2001.281.3.F381

10.1046/j.1523-1755.1999.055003778.x

10.1203/00006450-198802000-00022

10.1016/0026-0495(89)90133-9

10.1074/jbc.274.40.28240

10.1146/annurev.nu.15.070195.001025

10.1042/bj2670281

10.1590/S0100-879X2001000600012

10.1042/bj3300627

10.1002/mrdd.1035

10.1016/S0306-4522(01)00272-X

10.1093/jn/131.9.2498S

10.1098/rstb.1999.0472

10.1073/pnas.95.20.11993

Ardawi MSM, 2001, Glutamine metabolism in lymphocytes of the rat, Biochem J, 212, 835, 10.1042/bj2120835

10.1042/bj2390121

Pithon‐Curi TC, 1997, Glutamine utilization by rat neutrophils: presence of phosphate‐dependent glutaminase, Am J Physiol, 273, 1124, 10.1152/ajpcell.1997.273.4.C1124

10.1093/jn/131.9.2515S

10.1016/S0899-9007(99)00184-7

10.1093/jn/129.8.1524

10.1177/0148607101025005269

10.1042/CS19980418

10.1042/CS19980340

10.1002/cbf.644

10.1097/00024382-200014060-00006

10.1042/bj3100709

Murphy C, 1998, Importance of glutamine metabolism in murine macrophages and human monocytes to L‐arginine biosynthesis and rates of nitrite or urea production, Clin Sci, 95, 397, 10.1042/cs0950397

10.1111/j.1440-1711.2000.t01-6-.x

10.2337/diabetes.48.8.1535

10.2337/diabetes.51.3.712

10.2337/diabetes.36.4.477

10.1007/s001090050344

10.2337/diabetes.51.2007.S37

10.1038/414807a

10.1038/45280

10.1007/s001250050044

10.1074/jbc.M104999200

10.1152/ajpendo.00071.2001

10.1056/NEJM199805073381904

10.1007/s004390050990

10.2337/diabetes.49.4.667

10.2337/diabetes.51.6.1714

10.1006/scdb.2000.0175

10.1016/B978-0-12-091304-6.50093-8

Newsholme EA, 1989, Perspectives in Clinical Nutrition, 71

10.1111/j.1753-4887.1990.tb02967.x

10.1093/jn/131.9.2543S

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Cell Biochemistry and Function

Tập 21 Số 1

1-9

Thông tin tác giả