Geotechnical Properties of Two Pyroclastic Deposits Involved in Catastrophic Flowslides for Implementation in Early Warning Systems

Geosciences (Switzerland) - Tập 9 Số 1 - Trang 24
Lucio Olivares1, Emilia Damiano1, Nadia Netti2, Martina De Cristofaro1
1Dipartimento di Ingegneria, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Via Roma 29, 81031 Aversa, Italy
2Dipartimento di Economia Managment ed Istituzioni, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via Cinzia Montesantangelo, 80121 Napoli, Italy

Tóm tắt

Air-fall pyroclastic deposits on steep slopes in Campania (Southern Italy) are periodically subjected to rainfall-induced landslides that may evolve into catastrophic flowslides. To protect built-up areas, early warning systems (EWSs) have been implemented which are essentially based on pluviometric thresholds or models unable to accurately monitor the physical phenomena responsible for flowslide generation in pyroclastic deposits. Over the last 20 years, landslides with no evolution in flows occurred in this area and the alarms generated by existing EWSs in the cases of rainfall were both false and highly costly, thus eroding public trust in EWSs. To improve existing EWSs, two complex models for pyroclastic soils (Cervinara and Sarno) are proposed in this paper. These two models allow correct simulation of the physical processes, such as saturation increase due to rainwater infiltration and mechanical degradation as far as undrained instability, which govern postfailure evolution. The paper concludes with the presentation of a framework proposal to be used in defining a soil database, as well as a framework for flowslide generation forecast to be used for implementation within EWSs.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Cascini, L., and Ferlisi, S. (2003, January 11–13). Occurrence and consequences of flowslides: A case study. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fast Slope Movements Prediction and Prevention for Risk Mitigation, Napoli, Italy.

Olivares, 2003, Shallow flowslides triggered by intense rainfalls on natural slopes covered by loose unsaturated pyroclastic soils, Géotechnique, 53, 283, 10.1680/geot.2003.53.2.283

Cascini, 2004, The flowslides of May 1998 in the Campania region, Italy: The scientific emergency management, Ital. Geotech. J., 2, 11

Picarelli, L., Evangelista, A., Rolandi, G., Paone, A., Nicotera, M.V., Olivares, L., Scotto di Santolo, A., Lampitiello, S., and Rolandi, M. (December, January 29). Mechanical properties of pyroclastic soils in Campania Region. Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Characterisation and Engineering Properties of Natural Soils, Singapore.

Fiorillo, 2001, The December 1999 Cervinara landslides: Further debris flows in the pyroclastic deposits of Campania (southern Italy), Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ., 60, 171, 10.1007/s100640000093

Olivares, 2007, Post-failure mechanics of landslides: Laboratory investigation of flowslides in pyroclastic soils, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 133, 51, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2007)133:1(51)

Damiano, 2012, A “simulation chain” to define a multidisciplinary Decision Support System for landslide risk management in pyroclastic soils, Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 989, 10.5194/nhess-12-989-2012

Comegna, 2016, Field hydrological monitoring of a sloping shallow pyroclastic deposit, Can. Geotech. J., 53, 1125, 10.1139/cgj-2015-0344

Olivares, 2014, A simulation chain for early prediction of rainfall-induced landslides, Landslides, 11, 765, 10.1007/s10346-013-0430-4

Damiano, 2017, Investigation on rainfall infiltration into layered shallow covers in pyroclastic soils and its effect on slope stability, Eng. Geol., 220, 208, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2017.02.006

Ng, 1998, A numerical investigation of the stability of unsaturated soil slopes subjected to transient seepage, Comput. Geotech., 22, 1, 10.1016/S0266-352X(97)00036-0

Ng, 2001, Behaviour of a loosely compacted unsaturated volcanic soil, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 127, 1027, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2001)127:12(1027)

Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A. (1979). Groundwater, Prentice Hall.

Iverson, 1992, Gravity-driven groundwater flow and slope failure potential: 1. Elastic effective-stress model, Water Resour. Res., 28, 925, 10.1029/91WR02694

Griffiths, 2005, Unsaturated slope stability analysis with steady infiltration or evaporation using elasto-plastic finite elements, Int. J. Numer. Anal. Methods Geomech., 29, 249, 10.1002/nag.413

Fredlund, D.G., and Rahardjo, H. (1993). Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Ng, C.W.W., and Menzies, B. (2007). Advanced Unsaturated Soil Mechanics and Engineering, Taylor & Francis.

Bishop, 1959, The principle of effective stress, Tek. Ukebl., 106, 859

Lu, 2006, Suction stress characteristic curve for unsaturated soil, J. Geotech. Geoenviron. Eng., 132, 131, 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(2006)132:2(131)

Lu, 2010, A closed-form equation for effective stress in unsaturated soil, Water Resour. Res., 46, W05515, 10.1029/2009WR008646

Alonso, E.E., Gens, A., Lloret, A., and Delahaye, C. (1995, January 6–8). Effect of rain infiltration on the stability of slopes. Proceedings of the First International Conference on Unsaturated Soils, Paris, France.

Lignon, 2009, Hydromechanical modelling of landslides with a material instability criterion, Geotechnique, 59, 513, 10.1680/geot.7.00121

Olivella, 1996, Numerical Formulation for a Simulator (CODE_BRIGHT) for the Coupled Analysis of Saline Media, Eng. Comput., 13, 87, 10.1108/02644409610151575

Buscarnera, 2016, Spatially distributed modeling of landslide triggering: An approach based on principles of unsaturated soil plasticity, Landslides and Engineered Slopes. Experience, Theory and Practice, Volume 2, 1287

Cascini, 2008, Typical source areas of May 1998 flow-like mass movements in the Campania region, Southern Italy, Eng. Geol., 96, 107, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2007.10.003

Hunter, G., and Fell, R. (2003, January 11–13). Mechanics of failure of soil slopes leading to ‘‘rapid’’ failure. Proceedings of the International Conference on Fast Slope Movements Prediction and Prevention for Risk Mitigation, Napoli, Italy.

Tsuchida, 1970, Prediction and Countermeasure against Liquefaction in Sand Deposits, Abstract of the Seminar in the Port and Harbor Research Institute, Volume 3, 31

Olivares, 2009, An instrumented flume to investigate the mechanics of rainfall-induced landslides in unsaturated granular soils, Geotech. Test. J., 32, 108, 10.1520/GTJ101366

Casagli, 2017, Physical Modelling of the Rainfall Infiltration Processes in Pyroclastic Soil Responsible of Landslide Trigger, Advancing Culture of Living with Landslides, Volume 4, 299

Damiano, 2017, A laboratory study on the use of optical fibers for early detection of pre-failure slope movements in shallow granular soil deposits, Geotech. Test. J., 40, 529, 10.1520/GTJ20160107

Damiano, 2012, Steep-slope monitoring in unsaturated pyroclastic soils, Eng. Geol., 137–138, 1, 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.03.002

1980, A closed-form equation for predicting the hydraulic conductivity of unsaturated soil, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 44, 615

Damiano, 2010, The role of infiltration processes in steep slope stability of pyroclastic granular soils: Laboratory and numerical investigation, Nat. Hazards, 52, 329, 10.1007/s11069-009-9374-3

Kunze, 1968, Factors important in the calculation of hydraulic conductivity, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 32, 760, 10.2136/sssaj1968.03615995003200060020x

Brooks, R.H., and Corey, A.T. (1964). Hydraulic Properties of Porous Media, Colorado State University. Hydrology Paper No. 3.

Gardner, 1958, Some steady state solutions of the unsaturated moisture flow equation with application to evaporation from water table, Soil Sci., 85, 228, 10.1097/00010694-195804000-00006

Dixit, A.K., and Pindyck, R.S. (1994). Investment under Uncertainty, Princeton University Press.

Hull, J.C. (2012). Option, Futures ed Altri Derivati, Pearson Italia. [8th ed.].

Bogaard, 2014, The Round Robin test on landslide hydrological modeling at IWL2013, Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 9, 180, 10.1016/j.proeps.2014.06.019

Greco, 2014, Conceptual Hydrological Modeling of the Soil-bedrock Interface at the Bottom of the Pyroclastic Cover of Cervinara (Italy), Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 9, 122, 10.1016/j.proeps.2014.06.007

Picarelli, 2015, Performance of slope behavior indicators in unsaturated pyroclastic soils, J. Mountain Sci., 12, 1434, 10.1007/s11629-014-3104-3

Villarraga, 2014, Modelling landslides induced by rainfall: A coupled approach, Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 9, 222, 10.1016/j.proeps.2014.06.025

Toker, 2014, Prediction of seepage and slope stability in a flume test and an experimental field case, Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 9, 189, 10.1016/j.proeps.2014.06.022

Rosone, 2014, Modeling Round Robin test: An uncoupled approach, Procedia Earth Planet. Sci., 9, 195, 10.1016/j.proeps.2014.06.020