Genotypes Associated with Virulence in Environmental Isolates of Vibrio cholerae

Applied and Environmental Microbiology - Tập 67 Số 6 - Trang 2421-2429 - 2001
Irma Nelly Gutierrez Rivera1,2,3, Jongsik Chun4, Anwar Huq1,5, R B Sack6, Rita R. Colwell1,5
1Center of Marine Biotechnology, University of Maryland Biotechnology Institute, Baltimore, Maryland 212021;
2Departamento de Microbiologia, Imunologia e Parasitologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina,2 and
3Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade de São Paulo, CEP 05508-900,3São Paulo, Brazil;
4Microbiology Department, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea 151-7424; and
5Department of Cell and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 207425;
6School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland 212056

Tóm tắt

ABSTRACT Vibrio cholerae is an autochthonous inhabitant of riverine and estuarine environments and also is a facultative pathogen for humans. Genotyping can be useful in assessing the risk of contracting cholera, intestinal, or extraintestinal infections via drinking water and/or seafood. In this study, environmental isolates of V. cholerae were examined for the presence of ctxA, hlyA, ompU, stn/sto, tcpA, tcpI, toxR , and zot genes, using multiplex PCR. Based on tcpA and hlyA gene comparisons, the strains could be grouped into Classical and El Tor biotypes. The toxR, hlyA , and ompU genes were present in 100, 98.6, and 87.0% of the V. cholerae isolates, respectively. The CTX genetic element and toxin-coregulated pilus El Tor ( tcpA ET) gene were present in all toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and V. cholerae O139 strains examined in this study. Three of four nontoxigenic V. cholerae O1 strains contained tcpA ET. Interestingly, among the isolates of V. cholerae non-O1/non-O139, two had tcpA Classical, nine contained tcpA El Tor, three showed homology with both biotype genes, and four carried the ctxA gene. The stn/sto genes were present in 28.2% of the non-O1/non-O139 strains, in 10.5% of the toxigenic V. cholerae O1, and in 14.3% of the O139 serogroups. Except for stn/sto genes, all of the other genes studied occurred with high frequency in toxigenic V. cholerae O1 and O139 strains. Based on results of this study, surveillance of non-O1/non-O139 V. cholerae in the aquatic environment, combined with genotype monitoring using ctxA, stn/sto , and tcpA ET genes, could be valuable in human health risk assessment.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

10.1128/iai.52.1.45-49.1986

10.1128/jcm.31.5.1315-1317.1993

Barua D. History of cholera Cholera. Barua D. Greenough W. B. III 1992 1 35 Plenum Medical Book Company New York N.Y

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1985.tb01011.x

10.1128/aem.63.7.2934-2939.1997

10.1128/AEM.66.9.4022-4028.2000

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb06916.x

10.1126/science.910135

Colwell R. R. Spira W. M. The ecology of Vibrio cholerae Cholera. Barua D. Greenough W. B. III 1992 107 127 Plenum Medical Book Company New York N.Y

10.1139/m95-131

Dakin S. P. H. Howel D. J. Sutton R. G. A. O'Keffe M. E. Thoms P. Gastroenteritis due to non-agglutinable (non-cholera) vibrios. Med. J. Aust. 2 1994 490

10.1099/00222615-43-3-216

10.1128/jcm.33.10.2715-2722.1995

10.1128/aem.52.4.875-879.1986

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1992.tb01489.x

10.1126/science.289.5484.1488

10.1128/MMBR.62.4.1301-1314.1998

10.1073/pnas.88.12.5242

10.1128/jcm.30.8.2118-2121.1992

10.1128/iai.60.2.406-415.1992

10.1006/mpat.1996.0105

10.1006/mcpr.1994.1005

10.1046/j.1365-2958.1997.3101672.x

10.1128/iai.62.7.2669-2678.1994

10.1073/pnas.95.2.730

10.1038/35020000

10.1084/jem.168.4.1487

10.1128/jcm.28.6.1473-1476.1990

10.1128/aem.45.1.275-283.1983

Huq A. Colwell R. R. Vibrios in the marine and estuarine environment: tracking Vibrio cholerae. Ecosystem Health 2 1996 198 214

Islam M. S. Drasar B. S. Sack R. B. The aquatic environment as reservoir of Vibrio cholerae: a review. J. Diarrhoeal Dis. Res. 11 1994 197 206

10.1128/aem.37.1.91-103.1979

Kaper J. B. Fasano A. Trucksis M. Toxins of Vibrio cholerae Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. Wachsmuth I. K. Blake P. A. Olsvik O. 1994 145 176 ASM Press Washington D.C.

10.1128/jb.177.11.3191-3198.1995

10.1073/pnas.95.6.3134

Karaolis D. K. R. Kaper J. B. Pathogenicity islands and other mobile virulence elements of Vibrio cholerae Pathogenicity islands and other mobile virulence elements. Kaper J. B. Hacker J. 1999 167 187 ASM Press Washington D.C.

10.1038/20715

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1993.tb05950.x

10.1016/0140-6736(93)90792-F

10.1073/pnas.96.3.1071

Martins M. T. Ecologia de Vibrio cholerae no ecossistema aquático. Tese Livre Docente ICB-USP 1988 Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil (In Portuguese.).

10.2166/wst.1991.0091

10.1111/j.1365-2672.1994.tb03075.x

10.4315/0362-028X-57.10.870

Mekalanos J. J. Cholera toxin: genetic analysis, regulation, and role in pathogenesis. Curr. Top. Microbiol. Immunol. 118 1985 97 118

10.1016/0092-8674(87)90430-2

Ministerio de Saúde-Fundação Nacional de Saúde MS/FNS 1999—Boletin epidemiológico CENEPI 1999. 1999 Ministerio de Saúde-Fundação Nacional de Saúde Centro de Vigilância Epidemiologica São Paulo Brazil

10.1016/S0966-842X(96)10086-X

10.1128/jcm.19.2.296-297.1984

10.1172/JCI114494

Morris J. G. Non-O1 group 1 Vibrio cholerae strains not associated with epidemic disease Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. Wachsmuth I. K. Blake P. A. Olsvik O. 1994 103 116 ASM Press Washington D.C.

10.1017/S0950268800051918

10.1128/IAI.66.10.4726-4728.1998

10.1128/IAI.68.2.948-952.2000

10.1128/iai.58.10.3325-3329.1990

10.1128/aem.58.8.2485-2489.1992

10.1128/iai.56.6.1414-1419.1988

10.1099/00222615-39-4-310

10.1099/00222615-40-3-194

10.1111/j.1365-2958.1994.tb00492.x

10.1128/aem.61.8.2898-2904.1995

10.1007/BF00286376

Rodrigue D. C. Popovic T. Wachsmuth I. K. Nontoxigenic Vibrio cholerae O1 infections in the United States Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. Wachsmuth I. K. Blake P. A. Olsvik O. 1994 69 76 ASM Press Washington D.C.

Rodrigues D. P. Hofer E. Vibrio species from the water-oyster ecosystem of Sepetitiba Bay in Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. Rev. Microbiol. 17 1986 332 338

10.1128/mr.51.3.365-379.1987

10.1128/jcm.34.5.1114-1117.1996

10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07359.x

10.7883/yoken1952.20.265

10.1111/j.1365-2672.1995.tb03136.x

10.1086/516453

10.1128/JCM.36.3.756-763.1998

10.1128/iai.64.12.5406-5409.1996

10.1073/pnas.92.22.10374

Tauxe R. Seminario L. Tapia R. Libel M. The Latin American epidemic Vibrio cholerae and cholera: molecular to global perspectives. Wachsmuth I. K. Blake P. A. Olsvik O. 1994 321 344 ASM Press Washington D.C.

10.1073/pnas.84.9.2833

Taylor R. K. Genetic studies of enterotoxin and other potential virulence factors of Vibrio cholerae Genetics of bacterial diversity. Hopwood D. A. Chater K. F. 1989 309 329 Academic Press Ltd. London England

10.1038/20565

10.1128/aem.41.6.1475-1478.1981

10.1099/00222615-46-5-398

10.1126/science.272.5270.1910

World Health Organization Outbreak of gastroenteritis by nonagglutinable (NAG) vibrio. Wkly. Epidemiol. Rev. 44 1969 1 28

10.1128/iai.45.1.192-196.1984

10.1128/iai.51.3.927-931.1986

Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Applied and Environmental Microbiology

Tập 67 Số 6

2421-2429

Thông tin tác giả