General and domain‐specific cognitive reserve, mild cognitive impairment, and dementia risk in older women

Andrew J. Petkus1, Susan M. Resnick2, Stephen R. Rapp3,4, Mark A. Espeland5, Margaret Gatz6, Keith F. Widaman7, Xinhui Wang1, Diana Younan8, Ramon Casanova5, Helena Chui1, Ryan T. Barnard5, Sarah Gaussoin5, Joseph S. Goveas9, Kathleen M. Hayden4, Victor W. Henderson10,11, Bonnie C. Sachs4,12, Santiago Saldana4, Aladdin H. Shadyab13, Sally A. Shumaker12, Jiu-Chiuan Chen1,8
1Department of Neurology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
2National Institute on Aging, Laboratory of Behavioral Neuroscience, Baltimore, MD, USA
3Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
4Department of Social Sciences and Health Policy, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
5Department of Biostatistical Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
6Center for Economic and Social Research, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
7Graduate School of Education, University of California, Riverside, CA, USA
8Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
9Department of Psychiatry, Medical College of Wisconsin, Tosa Health Center, Milwaukee, WI, USA
10Department of Health Research & Policy (Epidemiology), Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
11Department of Neurology and Neurological Sciences, Stanford University, 259 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA, USA
12Department of Neurology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
13Department of Family Medicine and Public Health, University of California, San Diego, School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractIntroductionIn a geographically diverse sample of women, we asked whether cognitive reserve (CR) is best viewed as a general or cognitive domain‐specific construct and whether some cognitive reserve domains but not others exert protective effects on risk of developing mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or dementia.MethodsEstimates of general and domain‐specific CR were derived via variance decomposition in 972 cognitively intact women from the Women's Health Initiative Study of Cognitive Aging and Women's Health Memory Study Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Women were then followed up for 13 years.ResultsGeneral CR was the strongest predictor of reduced risk for both MCI and dementia, compared to domain‐specific CR measures. Verbal memory, figural memory, and spatial CR were independently protective of MCI, but only verbal memory was independently associated with reduced risk for dementia.DiscussionCognitive reserve is a heterogenous construct with valid quantitative measures identifiable across different neuropsychological processes associated with MCI and dementia.

Tài liệu tham khảo

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