Ung Thư Dạ Dày: Dịch Tễ Học, Yếu Tố Nguy Cơ, Phân Loại, Đặc Điểm Genom và Chiến Lược Điều Trị

International Journal of Molecular Sciences - Tập 21 Số 11 - Trang 4012
Julita Machlowska1,2, Jacek Baj2, Monika Sitarz3, Ryszard Maciejewski2, Robert Sitarz2,4
1Center for Medical Genomics OMICRON, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-034 Kraków, Poland
2Department of Human Anatomy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
3Department of Conservative Dentistry with Endodontics, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
4Department of Surgery, Center of Oncology of the Lublin Region St. Jana z Dukli, 20-090 Lublin, Poland

Tóm tắt

Ung thư dạ dày (GC) là một trong những bệnh ác tính phổ biến nhất trên toàn thế giới và là nguyên nhân dẫn đến cái chết liên quan đến ung thư đứng thứ tư. GC là một bệnh đa yếu tố, nơi các yếu tố môi trường và di truyền đều có thể ảnh hưởng đến sự xuất hiện và phát triển của nó. Tỷ lệ mắc GC tăng dần theo tuổi tác; độ tuổi trung bình khi chẩn đoán là 70 tuổi. Tuy nhiên, khoảng 10% các trường hợp ung thư dạ dày được phát hiện ở độ tuổi 45 hoặc trẻ hơn. Ung thư dạ dày khởi phát sớm là một mô hình tốt để nghiên cứu các biến đổi di truyền liên quan đến quá trình sinh ung, vì bệnh nhân trẻ ít tiếp xúc với các tác nhân gây ung thư môi trường. Sinh ung là một quá trình bệnh đa giai đoạn được xác định bởi sự phát triển tiến triển của các đột biến và biến đổi epigenetic trong biểu hiện của nhiều gen khác nhau, chịu trách nhiệm cho sự xuất hiện của bệnh.

Từ khóa

#ung thư dạ dày #dịch tễ học #yếu tố nguy cơ #phân loại #đặc điểm genom #chiến lược điều trị

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