Functional traits, the phylogeny of function, and ecosystem service vulnerability

Ecology and Evolution - Tập 3 Số 9 - Trang 2958-2975 - 2013
Sandra Dı́az1, Andy Purvis2, Johannes H. C. Cornelissen3, Georgina M. Mace4,2, Michael J. Donoghue5, Robert M. Ewers2, Pedro Jordano6, William D. Pearse2
1Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal (CONICET‐UNC) and FCEFyN Universidad Nacional de Córdoba Argentina
2Department of Life Sciences; Imperial College London; Silwood Park SL5 7PY United Kingdom
3Systems Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, VU University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
4Department of Genetics, Evolution and Environment, University College London, Gower Street, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom
5Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Yale University New Haven Connecticut
6Integrative Ecology Group Estación Biológica Doñana CSIC Sevilla Spain

Tóm tắt

Abstract

People depend on benefits provided by ecological systems. Understanding how these ecosystem services – and the ecosystem properties underpinning them – respond to drivers of change is therefore an urgent priority. We address this challenge through developing a novel risk‐assessment framework that integrates ecological and evolutionary perspectives on functional traits to determine species’ effects on ecosystems and their tolerance of environmental changes. We define Specific Effect Function (SEF) as the per‐gram or per capita capacity of a species to affect an ecosystem property, and Specific Response Function (SRF) as the ability of a species to maintain or enhance its population as the environment changes. Our risk assessment is based on the idea that the security of ecosystem services depends on how effects (SEFs) and tolerances (SRFs) of organisms – which both depend on combinations of functional traits – correlate across species and how they are arranged on the species’ phylogeny. Four extreme situations are theoretically possible, from minimum concern whenSEFandSRFare neither correlated nor show a phylogenetic signal, to maximum concern when they are negatively correlated (i.e., the most important species are the least tolerant) and phylogenetically patterned (lacking independent backup). We illustrate the assessment with five case studies, involving both plant and animal examples. However, the extent to which the frequency of the four plausible outcomes, or their intermediates, apply more widely in real‐world ecological systems is an open question that needs empirical evidence, and suggests a research agenda at the interface of evolutionary biology and ecosystem ecology.

Từ khóa


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Thông tin
Thông tin xuất bản

Ecology and Evolution

Tập 3 Số 9

2958-2975

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