Liệu pháp kích thích điện chức năng để phục hồi chức năng vận động sau chấn thương tủy sống và đột quỵ: một tổng quan
Tóm tắt
Kích thích điện chức năng là một kỹ thuật nhằm tạo ra những chuyển động có chức năng sau khi bị liệt. Các xung điện được áp dụng lên các cơ của một người, khiến chúng co lại theo một chuỗi cho phép thực hiện các nhiệm vụ như nắm giữ chìa khóa, cầm bàn chải đánh răng, đứng lên và đi bộ. Công nghệ này đã được phát triển vào những năm 60, thời điểm mà việc sử dụng lâm sàng ban đầu bắt đầu, nhấn mạnh tiềm năng của nó như một thiết bị hỗ trợ. Kể từ đó, kích thích điện chức năng đã phát triển thành một can thiệp điều trị quan trọng mà các chuyên gia y tế có thể sử dụng để giúp các cá nhân đã bị đột quỵ hoặc chấn thương tủy sống phục hồi khả năng đứng, đi, với tới và nắm lấy đồ vật. Với sự gia tăng dự kiến của dân số lão hóa, khả năng cao công nghệ này sẽ trải qua những thay đổi quan trọng để tăng cường hiệu quả cũng như mức độ áp dụng rộng rãi của nó. Chúng tôi trình bày ở đây một loạt các hệ thống kích thích điện chức năng để minh họa các nguyên tắc cơ bản của công nghệ và ứng dụng của nó. Hầu hết các khái niệm vẫn tiếp tục được sử dụng ngày nay bởi các thiết bị hiện đại. Một mô tả ngắn gọn về tiềm năng tương lai của công nghệ này cũng được trình bày, bao gồm sự tích hợp của nó với giao diện não-máy tính và công nghệ wearable (thời trang).
Từ khóa
Tài liệu tham khảo
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