Free-living snakes as a source and possible vector of Salmonella spp. and parasites
Tóm tắt
Free-living snakes may carry a broad range of pathogens that differ considerably by geographical locations and source species. The biological role of wildlife snakes for transmission of bacteria and helminths is hardly explored. The purpose of the study was a snapshot on the zoonotic agents load in free-living snakes found dead in a landscape park in central Poland. A total of 16 dead free-living snakes identified as European grass snake (Natrix natrix, N = 15) and a smooth snake (Coronella austriaca, N = 1) were tested. Abdominal organs were used for bacteriological testing, whereas, parasites were searched for in the remaining carcasses. Fourteen (87.5 %) individuals were positive for Salmonella spp., whereas, trematodes were found in 13 out of 16 samples (81.3 %). A total of 33 isolates representing 11 Salmonella serovars or antigenic forms were observed with Salmonella enterica subsp. diarizonae (IIIb) 38:r:z being the most frequent. The trematodes were recognized as Alaria alata mesocercariae (Distomum musculorum suis, DMS). Additionally, unidentified nematodes were detected in four samples. No Yersinia spp. and Mycobacterium spp. were found. The results indicate huge burden of Salmonella spp. and muscle parasites carriage by snakes present in the natural environment and indicate possible zoonotic and epidemiological impact. It justifies our concept of free-living snakes as possible source and vector of pathogens, especially for omnivores and scavengers foraging on snake corpses. Finding of rare and diverse Salmonella serovars and unidentified nematodes proves the need for in-depth studies and systematic approach to reveal the role of free-living reptiles in epidemiology of infectious agents.
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