Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Tâm lý học pháp y, một chuyên ngành với hai đạo đức? Một tổng quan hệ thống
Tóm tắt
Tâm lý học pháp y là một chuyên ngành con đặc thù trong lĩnh vực tâm lý học, chuyên áp dụng kiến thức và đào tạo tâm lý học cho các mục đích pháp lý cụ thể. Với việc trong lĩnh vực tâm lý học pháp y, một bên thứ ba thường can thiệp vào mối quan hệ giữa bệnh nhân và bác sĩ, một sự điều chỉnh các nguyên tắc đạo đức truyền thống dường như là hợp lý. Do đó, 47 bài báo, hai chương sách và các hướng dẫn được sản xuất bởi Hiệp hội Tâm thần Thế giới, Hiệp hội Tâm thần và Luật Mỹ, cũng như Bệnh viện Tâm thần Hoàng gia Úc và New Zealand đã được phân tích. Cuộc đánh giá cho thấy rằng đạo đức của tâm lý học pháp y trong hệ thống cải huấn và tâm lý học pháp y trong hệ thống pháp lý không khác biệt đáng kể về bản chất, nhưng chúng không đồng nhất về mặt thực hiện. Nhằm hiểu rõ hơn các nguyên tắc đạo đức áp dụng cho tâm lý học pháp y, một tổng quan theo dòng thời gian về tài liệu xuất bản từ năm 1950 đến 2015 đã được thực hiện. Đạo đức của tâm lý học pháp y trong hệ thống cải huấn chủ yếu là duy vật. Nguyên tắc công lý được chuyển thành nguyên tắc tương đương chăm sóc sức khoẻ, nguyên tắc từ thiện là cung cấp sự chăm sóc tốt nhất có thể cho bệnh nhân, và nguyên tắc tôn trọng tính tự chủ là đảm bảo tính bảo mật và sự đồng ý đã được thông báo. Đạo đức của tâm lý học pháp y trong hệ thống pháp lý thiên về hậu quả. Trong bối cảnh này, nguyên tắc công lý chủ yếu được đặc trưng bởi tính chuyên nghiệp, nguyên tắc từ thiện bởi tính khách quan và công bằng, và nguyên tắc tôn trọng tính tự chủ bởi sự đồng ý đã được thông báo. Tuy nhiên, hai lĩnh vực khác nhau của tâm lý học pháp y này có chung nguyên tắc không gây hại, được định nghĩa là việc không hợp tác của bác sĩ tâm thần trong bất kỳ hoạt động nào dẫn đến điều trị phi nhân đạo và hạ thấp nhân phẩm hoặc đến án tử hình.
Từ khóa
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