Food mineral composition and acid–base balance in preterm infants

Alpern RJ, Sakhaee K (1997) The clinical spectrum of chronic metabolic acidosis: homeostatic mechanisms produce significant morbidity. Am J Kidney Dis 29:291–302

American Academy of Pediatrics (2004) Pediatric nutrition handbook, 5th ed. Grove village, IL

Atkinson SA (1994) Calcium and phosphorus needs of premature infants. Nutrition 10:66–68

Atkinson DE, Bourke E (1987) Metabolic aspects of the regulation of systemic pH. Am J Physiol 252:F947–F956

Atkinson SA, Tsang RC (2005) Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus and vitamin D. In: Tsang RC, Lucas A, Uauy R, Koletzko B, Zlotkin S (eds) Nutrition of the preterm infant. Scientific basis and practical guidelines. Digital Educational Publishing Inc., Cincinnati, pp 45–80

Bartels H, Böhmer M, Heierli C (1972) Serum Kreatininbestimmung ohne Enteiweissen. Clin Chem Acta 37:193–197

Carlson SE (2005) Feeding after discharge: growth, development and long-term effects. In: Tsang RC, Lucas A, Uauy R, Koletzko B, Zlotkin S (eds) Nutrition of the preterm infant. Scientific basis and practical guidelines. Digital Educational Publishing Inc., Cincinnati, pp 357–382

Demigné C, Bloch-Faure M, Picard N, et al. (2006) Mice chronically fed a westernized experimental diet as a model of obesity, metabolic syndrome and osteoporosis. Eur J Nutr 45:298–306

Dersjant-Li Y, Verstegen MWA, Jansman A, et al. (2002) Changes in oxygen content and acid-base balance in arterial and portal blood in response to the dietary electrolyte balance in pigs during a 9-h period after a meal. J Anim Sci 80:1233–1239

Emmett M, Alpern RJ, Seldin DW (1992) Metabolic acidosis. In: Seldin DW, Giebisch G (eds) The kidney: physiology and pathophysiology. Raven Press, Ltd., New York, pp 2759–2836

Kalhoff H (2003) Osteomalazie – (Rachitis) Prophylaxe bei Frühgeborenen. In: Bassler D, Forster J, Antes G (eds) Evidenzbasierte Pädiatrie. Thieme, Stuttgart, pp 1–17

Kalhoff H, Manz F (2001) Nutrition, acid-base status and growth in early childhood. Eur J Nutr 40:221–230

Kalhoff H, Manz F (2005) Estimation of dietary acid load of formulas for preterm infants. Eur Food Res Technol 220:96–100

Kalhoff H, Diekmann L, Rudloff S, Manz F (2001) Renal excretion of calcium and phosphorus in premature infants with incipient late metabolic acidosis. J Pediatr Gastroent Nutr 32:565–569

Kalhoff H, Manz F, Diekmann L, Kunz C, Stock GJ, Weisser F (1993) Decreased growth rate of low-birth-weight infants with prolonged maximum renal acid stimulation. Acta Paediatr 82:522–527

Kalhoff H, Diekmann L, Hettrich B, Rudloff S, Stock GJ, Manz F (1997) Modified cow’s milk formula with reduced renal acid load preventing incipient late metabolic acidosis in premature infants. J Pediatr Gastroent Nutr 25:46–50

Kim G-H, Han JS, Kim YS, et al. (1996) Evaluation of urine acidification by urine anion gap and urine osmolal gap in chronic metabolic acidosis. Am J Kidney Dis 27:42–47

Kiwull-Schöne H, Kalhoff H, Manz F, Kiwull P (2005) Food mineral composition and acid-base balance in rabbits. Eur J Nutr 44:499–508

Kuschel CA, Harding JE (2002) Multicomponent fortified human milk for promoting growth in preterm infants (Cochrane Review). In: The Cochrane Library, 1, 2002, Oxford, pp 357–382

Lucas A, Fewtrell MS, Morley R, et al. (1996) Randomized outcome trial of human milk fortification and developmental outcome in preterm infants. Am J Clin Nutr 64:142–151

Lüthy C, Moser C, Oetliker O (1977) Dreistufige Säure-Basen-Titration im Urin. Med Lab 30:174–181

Macdonald HM, New SA, Fraser WD, et al. (2005) Low dietary potassium intakes and high dietary estimates of net endogenous acid production are associated with low bone mineral density in premenopausal women and increased markers of bone resorption in postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 81:923–33

Manz F, Kalhoff H, Remer T (1997) Renal acid excretion in early infancy. Pediatr Nephrol 11:231–243

Quigley R, Baum M (2004) Neonatal acid base balance and disturbances. Sem Perinat 2:97–102

Remer T (2001) Influence of nutrition on acid-base balance – metabolic aspects. Eur J Nutr 40:214–220

Remer T, Manz F (1994) Estimation of the renal net acid excretion by adults consuming diets containing variable amounts of protein. Am J Clin Nutr 59:1356–1361

Remer T, Manz F (1995) Potential renal acid load of foods and its influence on urine pH. J Am Diet Assoc 95:791–797

Remer T, Van Eyll B, Tölle HG, Manz F (1990) Gehalte und chargenabhängige Schwankungen verschiedener Mineralstoffe in Frühgeborenen-Milchnahrungen sowie mögliche Effekte auf die renale Säurelast. Monatsschr Kinderheilkd 138:658–663

Renner E (1982) Milch und Milchprodukte in der Ernährung des Menschen, Regensburg

Rigo J (2005) Protein, amino acid and other nitrogen compounds. In: Tsang RC, Lucas A, Uauy R, Koletzko B, Zlotkin S (eds) Nutrition of the preterm infant. Scientific basis and practical guidelines. Digital Educational Publishing Inc., Cincinnati, pp 45–80

Runkel KH, Baak L (1972) Methods for the determination of metallic elements in micro-algae. Z analyt Chemie 260:284–288

Schanler RJ (1996) Human milk fortification for premature infants. Am J Clin Nutr 64:249–250

Schanler RJ (2001) The use of human milk for premature infants. Pediatr Clin North Am 48:207–220

Siggaard-Andersen O (1974) The acid-base status of the blood, 4th edition. Munksgaard, Copenhagen

Siggaard-Andersen O, Fogh-Andersen N (1995) Base excess of buffer base (strong ion difference) as measure of a non-respiratory acid-base disturbance. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl 107:123–128

van Slyke D, Palmer WW (1920) Studies in acidosis. The titration of organic acids in urine. J Biol Chem 41:567–585

Vagnoni DB, Oetzel GR (1998) Effects of dietary cation-anion difference on the acid-base status of dry cows. J Dairy Sci 81:1643–1652

Ziegler EE, O’Donnell A, Nelson SE, Fomon SJ (1976) Body composition of the reference fetus. Growth 40:329–341