Foehn winds link climate‐driven warming to ice shelf evolution in Antarctica

Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres - Tập 120 Số 21 - 2015
Mattias Cape1,2, María Vernet1, Pedro Skvarca3, Sebastián Marinsek4, T. A. Scambos5, Eugene W. Domack6
1Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, California, USA
2Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution; Falmouth Massachusetts USA
3Glaciarium, Museo del Hielo Patagónico El Calafate Argentina
4Instituto Antártico Argentino, Buenos Aires, Argentina
5National Snow and Ice Data Center Boulder Colorado USA
6College of Marine Science, University of South Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA

Tóm tắt

AbstractRapid warming of the Antarctic Peninsula over the past several decades has led to extensive surface melting on its eastern side, and the disintegration of the Prince Gustav, Larsen A, and Larsen B ice shelves. The warming trend has been attributed to strengthening of circumpolar westerlies resulting from a positive trend in the Southern Annular Mode (SAM), which is thought to promote more frequent warm, dry, downsloping foehn winds along the lee, or eastern side, of the peninsula. We examined variability in foehn frequency and its relationship to temperature and patterns of synoptic‐scale circulation using a multidecadal meteorological record from the Argentine station Matienzo, located between the Larsen A and B embayments. This record was further augmented with a network of six weather stations installed under the U.S. NSF LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica, project. Significant warming was observed in all seasons at Matienzo, with the largest seasonal increase occurring in austral winter (+3.71°C between 1962–1972 and 1999–2010). Frequency and duration of foehn events were found to strongly influence regional temperature variability over hourly to seasonal time scales. Surface temperature and foehn winds were also sensitive to climate variability, with both variables exhibiting strong, positive correlations with the SAM index. Concomitant positive trends in foehn frequency, temperature, and SAM are present during austral summer, with sustained foehn events consistently associated with surface melting across the ice sheet and ice shelves. These observations support the notion that increased foehn frequency played a critical role in precipitating the collapse of the Larsen B ice shelf.

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Journal of Geophysical Research D: Atmospheres

Tập 120 Số 21

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