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Mô hình tương tác chất lỏng - cấu trúc của các tuabin gió: mô phỏng toàn bộ máy
Tóm tắt
Trong bài báo này, chúng tôi trình bày các kỹ thuật tính toán về khí động học và tương tác chất lỏng - cấu trúc (FSI) cho phép mô phỏng FSI 3D hoàn toàn liên kết động của các tuabin gió ở quy mô đầy đủ, và trong sự hiện diện của khoang máy và tháp (tức là, mô phỏng 'toàn bộ máy'). Đối với sự tương tác giữa gió và các cánh quạt linh hoạt, chúng tôi áp dụng phương pháp phân discret hóa không trùng khớp, trong đó khí động học được tính toán bằng phương pháp ALE-VMS dựa trên phần tử hữu hạn bậc thấp, trong khi các cánh quạt rotor được mô hình hóa như những vỏ composite mỏng được discret hóa bằng phân tích hình học đồng nhất dựa trên NURBS (IGA). Chúng tôi nhận thấy rằng việc kết hợp FEM và IGA theo cách này mang lại sự kết hợp tốt giữa hiệu quả, độ chính xác và tính linh hoạt của các quy trình tính toán cho FSI tuabin gió. Tương tác giữa rotor và tháp được xử lý bằng cách tiếp cận giao diện trượt không chồng lấp, nơi cả hai dạng khí động học cho miền chuyển động và miền tĩnh đều được sử dụng. Tại các giao diện chất lỏng - cấu trúc và giao diện trượt, tính liên tục động học và kéo được thi hành yếu, điều này là một thành phần chính của phương pháp số đề xuất. Chúng tôi trình bày một số mô phỏng của tuabin gió ba cánh có công suất 5~MW, với và không có tháp. Chúng tôi nhận thấy rằng, trong trường hợp không có tháp, sự hiện diện của giao diện trượt không ảnh hưởng đến dự đoán sức tải khí động học trên rotor. Từ điều này, chúng tôi kết luận rằng việc thi hành yếu của động học mang lại kết quả chính xác như thi hành mạnh, và do đó cho phép mô phỏng tương tác giữa rotor và tháp (cũng như các ứng dụng khác liên quan đến các thành phần cơ khí trong chuyển động tương đối). Chúng tôi cũng phát hiện rằng cánh quạt đi qua tháp tạo ra sự sụt giảm 10–12% (mỗi cánh) về mômen khí động học. Chúng tôi cảm thấy phát hiện này có thể quan trọng khi thực hiện phân tích và dự đoán tuổi thọ mỏi cho các cánh quạt tuabin gió.
Từ khóa
#tương tác chất lỏng - cấu trúc #mô phỏng tuabin gió #khí động học #FEM #IGATài liệu tham khảo
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