Female and male US Olympic athletes live 5 years longer than their general population counterparts: a study of 8124 former US Olympians

British Journal of Sports Medicine - Tập 55 Số 4 - Trang 206-212 - 2021
Juliana Antero1, Hirofumi Tanaka2, Quentin De Larochelambert1, Maja Pohar Perme3, Jean‐François Toussaint4,1
1Institut de recherche biomédicale et d’épidémiologie du sport
2University of Texas at Austin, Austin
3University Medical Centre Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
4Centre d'Investigation en Médecine du sport

Tóm tắt

ObjectiveTo quantify US female and male Olympic athletes’ longevity and the years of life lost or saved due to multiple causes of death as compared with the US general population.MethodsFormer US athletes who had participated in the summer or winter Olympic Games at least once between 1912 and 2012 were included. Olympians’ date of birth, death and the underlying causes of death were certified by the National Death Index. The Olympians’ overall and cause-specific mortality were compared with the US general population based on the US life tables, adjusted by sex, period and age. Mortality differences between the populations were quantified using the years lost/years saved (YS) method.Results8124 US Olympians (2301 women and 5823 men) lived 5.1 years longer (YS 95% CI 4.3 to 6.0) than the general population, based on 2309 deaths observed (225 women, 2084 men). Different causes of death contributed to longevity for Olympians as follows: 2.2 years were saved (1.9 to 2.5) from cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); cancer, 1.5 years (1.3 to 1.8); respiratory diseases (eg, influenza, pneumonia), 0.8 years (0.7 to 0.9); external causes (eg, accidents, homicides), 0.5 years (0.4 to 0.6); endocrine and metabolic diseases (eg, diabetes, hyperlipidaemia), 0.4 years (0.2 to 0.5) and digestive system diseases (eg, cirrhosis, hepatic failure), 0.3 years (0.2 to 0.4). Mortality rates due to nervous system disorders (eg, Alzheimer’s and Parkinsons’s diseases) and mental illness (eg, dementia, schizophrenia) were not different from the general population.ConclusionUS Olympians lived longer than the general population, an advantage mainly conferred by lower risks of CVD and cancer. Nervous system disorders and mental illness did not differ between US Olympians and the general population.

Từ khóa


Tài liệu tham khảo

Antero-Jacquemin, 2015, Mortality in female and male French Olympians: a 1948-2013 cohort study, Am J Sports Med, 43, 10.1177/0363546515574691

10.1371/journal.pone.0113362

Radonić, 2017, Mortality and causes of death among Croatian male Olympic medalists, Croat Med J, 58, 263, 10.3325/cmj.2017.58.263

10.1007/s10654-008-9237-3

10.1016/j.mayocp.2014.06.004

Antero-Jacquemin, 2018, The heart of the matter: years-saved from cardiovascular and cancer deaths in an elite athlete cohort with over a century of follow-up, Eur J Epidemiol, 33, 531, 10.1007/s10654-018-0401-0

10.1016/0140-6736(92)91277-F

10.1016/j.jacc.2014.11.022

Lincoln, 2018, Risk and causes of death among former national football League players (1986-2012), Med Sci Sports Exerc, 50, 486, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001466

10.1016/j.mayocp.2012.04.005

10.1016/j.jacc.2009.10.068

Roth, 2018, The burden of cardiovascular diseases among US states, 1990-2016, JAMA Cardiol, 3, 375, 10.1001/jamacardio.2018.0385

10.1212/WNL.0b013e31826daf50

Nguyen, 2019, Mortality among professional American-Style football players and professional American baseball players, JAMA Netw Open, 2, 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2019.4223

10.1136/bmj.e8308

10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30134-X

10.1016/j.otohns.2010.05.007

Antero, 2018, A medal in the Olympics runs in the family: a cohort study of performance heritability in the games history, Front Physiol, 9, 10.3389/fphys.2018.01313

10.1002/sim.5903

10.1186/1471-2288-11-86

10.1002/sim.4385

10.1158/1078-0432.CCR-11-2097

van BS . Flexible imputation of missing data. 1 edn. Boca Raton, Fla: Chapman and Hall/CRC, 2012.

Melamed, 2018, Survival after minimally invasive radical hysterectomy for early-stage cervical cancer, N Engl J Med, 379, 1905, 10.1056/NEJMoa1804923

Smith, 2019, Handgrip strength, inflammatory markers, and mortality, Scand J Med Sci Sports, 29, 1190, 10.1111/sms.13433

Berthelot, 2019, The age-performance relationship in the general population and strategies to delay age related decline in performance, Arch Public Health, 77, 10.1186/s13690-019-0375-8

10.1503/cmaj.051351

Robles Alonso, 2013, Linking the gut microbiota to human health, Br J Nutr, 109 Suppl 2, S21, 10.1017/S0007114512005235

10.1038/s41591-019-0485-4

Kontro, 2017, Use of alcohol and alcohol-related morbidity in Finnish former elite athletes, Med Sci Sports Exerc, 49, 492, 10.1249/MSS.0000000000001137

10.1136/bjsports-2019-100671

Riley, 2001, Preventive strategies in chronic liver disease: Part I. alcohol, vaccines, toxic medications and supplements, diet and exercise, Am Fam Physician, 64

Myth & Reality: Social Mobility of the American Olympic Athletes - George Eisen, Diana Turner, 1992. Available: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/ [Accessed 8 Jan 2020].

10.1371/journal.pmed.1002978

10.1136/bmj.d7679

OECD health statistics. Available: https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/social-issues-migration-health/data/oecd-health-statistics_health-data-en [Accessed 10 Sep 2018].

2003, Trends in aging--United States and worldwide, MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep, 52, 101

10.1016/S0140-6736(11)60749-6

10.1016/j.jacc.2014.04.058

10.1016/j.jacc.2014.05.026

10.1055/s-0030-1255109

10.1001/jama.279.6.440

10.1136/bmj.j2709

10.1056/NEJMoa1908483