Nội dung được dịch bởi AI, chỉ mang tính chất tham khảo
Động lực học vi khuẩn phân và mối liên quan đến tiêu chảy và sức khỏe ở bê sữa
Tóm tắt
Tiêu chảy là nguyên nhân chính gây bệnh tật và tử vong ở bê con, dẫn đến tổn thất kinh tế đáng kể cho các trang trại sữa. Để xác định xem một số vi sinh vật đường ruột có thể có khả năng kháng lại quá trình rối loạn sinh thái trong tiêu chảy ở bê con hay không thông qua việc xác định các mô hình đồng xuất hiện vi sinh vật từ khi sinh ra đến sau cai sữa, chúng tôi đã xem xét sự phát triển động của vi sinh vật đường ruột và tình trạng tiêu chảy bằng cách tiến hành hai thí nghiệm trên động vật, trong đó thí nghiệm đầu tiên có 14 bê sữa Holstein và mẫu phân của chúng được thu thập 18 lần trong 78 ngày từ khi sinh ra đến 15 ngày sau cai sữa; thí nghiệm thứ hai có 43 bê sữa Holstein và mẫu phân của chúng được thu thập hàng ngày từ 8 đến 18 ngày tuổi tương ứng với đỉnh tiêu chảy đầu tiên của thí nghiệm 1. Phân tích metataxonomic của vi khuẩn phân cho thấy sự phát triển của vi sinh vật đường ruột có ba khoảng thời gian tuổi, với sinh ra và cai sữa là các ranh giới phân chia. Hai đỉnh tiêu chảy được quan sát thấy trong quá trình chuyển tiếp giữa ba khoảng thời gian tuổi. Fusobacteriaceae được xác định là một taxon liên quan đến tiêu chảy cả ở giai đoạn đầu và trong quá trình cai sữa, và Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 là một chi khác gia tăng trong số các bê bị tiêu chảy ở giai đoạn đầu. Ở các bê mới sinh, Prevotella_2 (ASV4 và ASV26), Prevotella_9 (ASV43) và Alloprevotella (ASV14) có mối liên quan tiêu cực với Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (ASV48), được xem là taxon chính của mô-đun giai đoạn tiêu chảy. Trong quá trình cai sữa, các Muribaculaceae chưa được phân loại (ASV28 và ASV44), UBA1819 (ASV151), Barnesiella (ASV497) và Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (ASV254) được xác định liên quan đến trạng thái không tiêu chảy, và chúng tập hợp trong mô-đun không tiêu chảy của các mô hình đồng xuất hiện, trong đó Muribaculaceae chưa được phân loại (ASV28) và Barnesiella (ASV497) có mối quan hệ tiêu cực trực tiếp với các thành viên của mô-đun tiêu chảy. Tổng thể, kết quả của chúng tôi cho thấy sự thay đổi động lực của vi sinh vật đường ruột ở bê và các tương tác giữa một số vi khuẩn có thể ảnh hưởng đến tiêu chảy ở bê con, và một số loài của Prevotella có thể là vi sinh vật cốt lõi ở cả bê mới sinh và bê sau cai sữa, trong khi các loài của Muribaculaceae có thể là vi sinh vật cốt lõi ở bê sau cai sữa để ngăn ngừa tiêu chảy ở bê con. Một số ASV liên kết với Prevotella_2 (ASV4 và ASV26), Prevotella_9 (ASV43), Alloprevotella (ASV14), Muribaculaceae chưa được phân loại (ASV28 và ASV44), UBA1819 (ASV151), Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005 (ASV254) và Barnesiella (ASV497) có thể là probiotics thích hợp để ngăn ngừa tiêu chảy ở bê trong khi Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1 (ASV48) có thể là dấu hiệu sinh học cho nguy cơ tiêu chảy tại một số trang trại thương mại cụ thể.
Từ khóa
#tiêu chảy #vi khuẩn phân #bê sữa #vi sinh vật đường ruột #sức khỏe động vậtTài liệu tham khảo
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