Features of the fault system and its relationship with migration and accumulation of hydrocarbon in Liaodong Bay
Tóm tắt
The fault system of Liaodong Bay developed extensively under the control of the Tanlu Fault. The fault system can be grouped into strike-slip faults of grade I, trunk faults of grade II and branch faults (induced faults) of grade III respectively based on its developmental scale. The faults of grade I and II were deep, early and large while the faults of grade III were shallow, late and small. The formation, evolution and distribution features played a significant role in controlling the migration of oil and gas in both horizontal and vertical directions. The fluid transfer in the fault system occurred in the process of faulting. The strike-slip and trunk faults moved actively forming predominant pathways for oil and gas migration. The branch faults, with weak activity, generally controlled the development of traps and were beneficial for the accumulation and preservation of oil and gas. The faults of grade I and II formed the major migration pathways for oil and gas, but their fault activity rates appeared to vary along their strikes. The zones with a relatively low fault activity rate might be favorable for oil and gas accumulation. When the activities of strike-slip, trunk, and branch faults came to a halt, the fault seal behavior had a vitally important effect on the accumulation of oil and gas. The controlling role of the fault over fluid distribution was further analyzed by calculating the fault activity quantitatively.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Allan U S. Model for hydrocarbon migration and entrapment within faulted structures. AAPG Bulletin. 1989. 73(7): 803–811
Bekele E, Person M and Marsily G. Petroleum migration pathway and charge concentration: A three dimensional model discussion. AAPG Bulletin. 1999. 83(1): 10–15
Bouvier J D and Kaars-sijp C H. Three dimensional seismic interpretation and fault sealing investigations, Nunriver Field, Nigeria. AAPG Bulletin. 1989. 73(11): 1397–1414
Bretan P, Yielding G and Jones H. Using calibrated shale gouge ratio to estimate hydrocarbon column heights. AAPG Bulletin. 2003. 87(3): 383–397
Chen B, Deng Y H, Hao F, et al. Late-stage rapid petroleum accumulation model of BZ34 fault zone in Huanghekou Sag. Acta Petrolei Sinica. 2006. 27(1): 37–41 (in Chinese)
Constantin J, Peyaud J B, Vergély P, et al. Evolution of the structural fault permeability in argillaceous rocks in a polyphased tectonic context. Physics and Chemistry of the Earth. 2004. 29(1): 25–41
Deng Y H. Control of the Neotectonism along the Tancheng-Lujiang Fracture Zone on hydrocarbon accumulation in the Eastern Bohai Sea. China offshore Oil and Gas 2001. 15(5): 2–6 (in Chinese)
Deng Y H. Types and accumulation controls of neogene oil reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin. China offshore Oil and Gas. 2003. 17(6): 4–9 (in Chinese)
Du C H, Hao F, Zou H Y, et al. Progress and problems of faults conduit systems for hydrocarbon migration. Geological Science and Technology Information. 2007. 26(1): 51–56 (in Chinese)
Fristad T, Groth A, Yielding G, et al. Quantitative fault seal prediction: A case study from Oseberg Syd. Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications. 1997. 7: 107–124
Fu G, Li F J and Bai M X. An analysis of the relationship between lateral & vertical sealing of faults. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing. 1998. 17(2): 6–9 (in Chinese)
Fulljames J R, Zijerveld L and Franssen R. Fault seal processes: Systematic analysis of fault seals over geological and production time scales. Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications. 1997. 7: 51–59
Ghosh K and Mitra S. Structural controls of fracture orientations, intensity, and connectivity, Teton anticline, Sawtooth Range, Montana. AAPG Bulletin. 2009. 93(8): 995–1014
Gong Z S, Cai D S, Zhang G C, et al. Dominating action of the Tanlu Fault on hydrocarbon accumulation in the eastern Bohai Sea Area. Acta Petrolei Sinica. 2007. 28(4): 1–10 (in Chinese)
Hao F, Zhou H Y and Gong Z. S. The material and energy effects of Neotectonics/Late-stage Tectonics and petroleum accumulation. Acta Geological Sinica. 2006. 80(3): 424–431 (in Chinese)
Hao F, Zhou X H, Zhu Y M, et al. Charging of the Neogene Penglai 19-3 Field, Bohai Bay Basin, China: Oil accumulation in a young trap in an active fault zone. AAPG Bulletin. 2009a. 93(2): 155–179
Hao F, Zhou X H, Zhu Y M, et al. Mechanisms for oil depletion and enrichment on the Shijiutuo uplift, Bohai Bay Basin, China. AAPG Bulletin. 2009b. 93(8): 1015–1037
Kacewicz M, Peters K E, and Curry D J. 2009 Napa AAPG Hedberg Research Conference on Basin and Petroleum Systems Modeling. AAPG Bulletin. 2010. 94(6): 773–789
Knott S D. Fault seal analysis in the North Sea. AAPG Bulletin. 1993. 77(5): 778–792
Lindsay N G, Murphy F C, Walsh J J, et al. Outcrop studies of shale smears on fault surfaces. In Flint S S and Bryant I D (Editors). The Geological Modelling of Hydrocarbon Reservoirs and Outcrop Analogues. International Association of Sedimentologists, Special Publication. 1993. 15: 113–123
Lu X J, Liu H, Hao F, et al. Petroleum migration system and Neogene petroleum accumulation features in the Baxian Sag, Bohai Bay Basin. Petroleum Geology & Experiment. 2010. 32(3): 258–264 (in Chinese)
Lv Y F and Fu G. Research on sealing ability of fractures. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press. 2002 (in Chinese)
Mora A, Horton B K, Mesa A, et al. Migration of Cenozoic deformation in the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia interpreted from fission track results and structural relationships: Implications for petroleum systems. AAPG Bulletin. 2010. 94(10): 1543–1580
Qi J F, Deng R J, Zhou X H, et al. The structure of Tanlu Fracture in Cenozoic Basin of Bohai Sea Area. Science in China (Series D: Earth Sciences). 2008. 38(1): 19–29 (in Chinese)
Roald B F, Eivind J and Susanne S. Methodology for risking fault seal capacity: Implications of fault zone architecture. AAPG Bulletin. 2007. 91(9): 1231–1246
Skerlec G M. AAPG Treatise of Petroleum Geology/Handbook of Petroleum Geology: Exploring for oil and gas traps. Chapter 10: Evaluating top and fault seal. 1999. 10–11
Smith D A. Theoretical consideration of sealing and non-sealing faults AAPG Bulletin. 1966. 50(2):363–374
Smith D A. Sealing and non-sealing faults in Louisiana Gulf Coast salt basin. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin. 1980. 64(2): 145–172
Sperrevik S, Gillespie P A, Fisher Q J, et al. Empirical estimation of fault rock properties. Norwegian Petroleum Society Special Publications. 2002. 11: 109–125
Wan T, Jiang Y L and Ling H X, et al. Quantitative evaluation of fault activity and fault sealing property and its relationship with hydrocarbon migration and accumulation—By taking Caojiazhuang Step-fault Zone in Chexi Sag for Example. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology. 2010. 32(4): 18–24 (in Chinese)
Weber K J, Mandl G and Lehner W F, et al. The role of faults in hydrocarbon migration and trapping in Nigerian growth fault structures. 10th Annual Society of Petroleum Engineers, Offshore Technology Conference Proceedings.1978. (4): 2643–2653
Xu T W, Zeng J H, Wei G, et al. The character and significance of hydrocarbon transferring system in Liaodong Bay. Journal of Southwest Petroleum University (Science & Technology Edition). 2008. 30(5): 69–72 (in Chinese)
Ye J R, Qing H R, Bend S L, et al. Petroleum systems in the offshore Xihu Basin on the continental shelf of the East China Sea. AAPG Bulletin. 2007. 91(8): 1167–1188.
Yielding G, Freeman B and Needham D T. Quantitative fault seal prediction. AAPG Bulletin. 1997. 81(6): 897–917
Yielding G, Overl J A, Byberg G, et al. Characterization of fault zones for reservoir modeling: An example from the Gullfaks Field Northern North Sea. AAPG bulletin. 1999. 83: 925–951
Zhou X H. Study of hydrocarbon transporting-conducting systems and reservoir-forming characteristics of Mid-Northern Liaoxi Low Uplift. Ph·D Thesis. China University of Geosciences. March 2007 (in Chinese)
Zhou X H, Niu C M and Teng C Y. Relationship between faulting and hydrocarbon pooling during the Neotectonic movement around the central Bohai Bay. Oil & Gas Geology. 2009. 30(4): 469–475 (in Chinese)