Hiệu quả phân bổ tại hộ nông dân trong sản xuất lúa ở các huyện Gulu và Amuru, miền Bắc Uganda
Tóm tắt
Nông nghiệp quy mô nhỏ, chiếm ưu thế ở Uganda, đặc trưng bởi năng suất thấp cho hầu hết các loại cây trồng, bao gồm cả lúa, loại cây đang ngày càng trở nên quan trọng như một loại thực phẩm và cây trồng tạo thu nhập. Năng suất thấp chủ yếu do thiếu hiệu quả phân bổ. Hiệu quả phân bổ (AE) xem xét khả năng của nông dân trong việc phân bổ tài nguyên một cách hiệu quả, bằng cách sản xuất ra sản lượng tối đa với chi phí tối thiểu. Tăng cường AE đòi hỏi phải hiểu rõ những nguồn gốc cụ thể của sự không hiệu quả khác nhau giữa các doanh nghiệp nông nghiệp, theo từng vùng địa lý và thời gian. Một nghiên cứu cắt ngang đã được thực hiện tại các huyện Gulu và Amuru ở miền Bắc Uganda để đánh giá các nguồn gốc của sự không hiệu quả phân bổ ở cấp độ nông trại trong sản xuất lúa, sử dụng phương pháp biên độ ngẫu nhiên. Dữ liệu đã được thu thập từ một mẫu ngẫu nhiên gồm 200 nông dân trồng lúa quy mô nhỏ. Kết quả cho thấy AE trung bình là 75%. Quy mô hộ gia đình, khoảng cách đến trung tâm thương mại, quy mô nông trại, số lượng loại cây trồng, việc sử dụng lao động thuê, việc sử dụng cày bò, và khả năng tiếp cận tín dụng có tác động đáng kể đến AE. Chúng tôi khuyến nghị việc áp dụng các công nghệ như sử dụng cày bò và phân bổ lại tài nguyên nông trại, đặc biệt là lao động.
Từ khóa
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