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Thương lượng khuôn mặt trong chương trình sau đại học: quyết định che giấu hoặc tiết lộ trầm cảm ở sinh viên tiến sĩ ngành khoa học đời sống tại Hoa Kỳ
Tóm tắt
Trầm cảm là một trong những mối quan tâm sức khỏe tâm thần hàng đầu trong số các sinh viên tốt nghiệp ngành sinh học và đã góp phần vào "cuộc khủng hoảng sức khỏe tâm thần ở sinh viên tốt nghiệp" được công bố vào năm 2018. Nhiều tạp chí khoa học nổi tiếng đã kêu gọi các can thiệp nhằm cải thiện sức khỏe tâm thần cho sinh viên tốt nghiệp, tuy nhiên chưa rõ mức độ sinh viên tốt nghiệp mắc trầm cảm thảo luận về sức khỏe tâm thần của họ với người khác trong chương trình tiến sĩ của họ. Mặc dù việc chia sẻ trầm cảm của bản thân có thể là một bước quan trọng trong việc tìm kiếm sự hỗ trợ sức khỏe tâm thần trong suốt thời gian học sau đại học, nhưng trầm cảm được coi là một danh tính bị kỳ thị có thể được che giấu (CSI), và việc tiết lộ trầm cảm có thể dẫn đến việc mất địa vị hoặc phân biệt đối xử. Do đó, lý thuyết thương lượng khuôn mặt, mô tả một tập hợp các hành vi giao tiếp mà các cá nhân sử dụng để điều chỉnh phẩm giá xã hội của mình, có thể giúp xác định các yếu tố ảnh hưởng đến quyết định của sinh viên tốt nghiệp về việc có nên tiết lộ trầm cảm của họ trong thời gian học sau đại học hay không. Trong nghiên cứu này, chúng tôi đã phỏng vấn 50 sinh viên tiến sĩ mắc trầm cảm, đang theo học tại 28 chương trình tốt nghiệp ngành khoa học đời sống trên toàn Hoa Kỳ. Chúng tôi đã xem xét (1) mức độ sinh viên tốt nghiệp tiết lộ trầm cảm của họ cho các giảng viên hướng dẫn, sinh viên tốt nghiệp khác và sinh viên đại học trong phòng thí nghiệm nghiên cứu của họ, (2) lý do vì sao họ tiết lộ hoặc che giấu trầm cảm, và (3) những hậu quả và lợi ích mà họ nhận thấy liên quan đến việc tiết lộ trầm cảm. Chúng tôi đã sử dụng phương pháp tiếp cận lai giữa mã hóa suy diễn và quy nạp để phân tích dữ liệu. Hơn một nửa (58%) sinh viên tiến sĩ đã tiết lộ trầm cảm của họ cho ít nhất một giảng viên hướng dẫn, trong khi 74% tiết lộ cho ít nhất một sinh viên tốt nghiệp khác. Tuy nhiên, chỉ có 37% sinh viên tốt nghiệp tiết lộ trầm cảm của họ cho ít nhất một sinh viên đại học nghiên cứu. Quyết định của sinh viên tốt nghiệp về việc tiết lộ trầm cảm cho các bạn đồng trang lứa của họ được thúc đẩy bởi các mối quan hệ tương hỗ tích cực, trong khi quyết định của họ tiết lộ cho giảng viên thường dựa trên việc duy trì phẩm giá bằng cách thực hiện các hành động ngăn ngừa hoặc điều chỉnh khuôn mặt. Ngược lại, sinh viên tốt nghiệp thực hiện hỗ trợ khuôn mặt khi tương tác với sinh viên đại học nghiên cứu bằng cách tiết lộ trầm cảm của họ như một cách để giảm kỳ thị việc đấu tranh với sức khỏe tâm thần. Sinh viên tốt nghiệp ngành khoa học đời sống thường tiết lộ trầm cảm của họ cho các sinh viên tốt nghiệp khác, và hơn một nửa báo cáo đã thảo luận về trầm cảm với giảng viên hướng dẫn của họ. Tuy nhiên, sinh viên tốt nghiệp lại ngần ngại chia sẻ trầm cảm của họ với các sinh viên đại học nghiên cứu. Các động lực quyền lực giữa sinh viên tốt nghiệp và giảng viên hướng dẫn, đồng nghiệp của họ, và các sinh viên đại học mà họ hướng dẫn đã ảnh hưởng đến lý do họ lựa chọn tiết lộ hoặc che giấu trầm cảm của họ trong từng tình huống. Nghiên cứu này cung cấp cái nhìn sâu sắc về cách tạo ra các chương trình đào tạo sau đại học ngành khoa học đời sống bao trùm hơn, nơi sinh viên có thể cảm thấy thoải mái hơn khi thảo luận về sức khỏe tâm thần của mình.
Từ khóa
#trầm cảm #sức khỏe tâm thần #sinh viên tốt nghiệp #lý thuyết thương lượng khuôn mặt #ngành khoa học đời sốngTài liệu tham khảo
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