Các Vesicle Ngoại Bào của Tế Bào Đệm Trung Mạc Có Thể Được Tiếp Nhận Bởi Tế Bào Vi Mạch và Phần Nào Ngăn Chặn Sự Kích Thích Do β-amyloid Gây Ra

Stem Cell Reviews and Reports - Tập 18 - Trang 1113-1126 - 2022
Dorota Kaniowska1,2, Kerstin Wenk2, Phil Rademacher2, Ronald Weiss2, Claire Fabian1, Isabell Schulz1, Max Guthardt1, Franziska Lange1, Sebastian Greiser1, Matthias Schmidt3, Ulf-Dietrich Braumann1,4,5, Frank Emmrich1,2, Ulrike Koehl1,2,6, Yarúa Jaimes1,2,7
1Fraunhofer Institute for Cell Therapy and Immunology (IZI), Leipzig, Germany
2Institute for Clinical Immunology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
3Department of Isotope Biogeochemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Leipzig, Germany
4Faculty of Engineering, Leipzig University of Applied Sciences (HTWK), Leipzig, Germany
5Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
6Institute of Cellular Therapeutics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
7Fraunhofer Cluster of Excellence for Immune-mediated Diseases CIMD, Frankfurt, Germany

Tóm tắt

Các tế bào đệm trung mạc/tế bào gốc (MSCs) có khả năng điều tiết miễn dịch vượt trội. Các MSCs cung cấp hiệu ứng bảo vệ qua trung gian paracrine, một phần do các vesicle ngoại bào (EVs) tạo ra. Đã có báo cáo rằng các EVs từ MSCs (MSC-EVs) chứa các yếu tố tan được, chẳng hạn như cytokines, chemokines, yếu tố tăng trưởng và thậm chí cả microRNAs, góp phần mang lại cho chúng các hiệu ứng chống viêm và tái tạo tương tự như MSCs. Hơn nữa, MSCs điều chỉnh sự kích hoạt của tế bào vi mạch thông qua cơ chế hành động hai chiều dựa vào cả sự tiếp xúc tế bào và các yếu tố được tiết ra. Các tế bào vi mạch là các tế bào miễn dịch của hệ thần kinh trung ương và là những người trung gian chính trong tình trạng viêm dẫn đến các rối loạn thoái hóa thần kinh. Tại đây, chúng tôi đã điều tra xem MSC-EVs có ảnh hưởng đến sự kích hoạt của tế bào vi mạch do các hợp chất β-amyloid hay không. Chúng tôi cho thấy rằng sự hiện diện của MSC-EVs có thể ngăn chặn sự gia tăng các trung gian gây viêm như yếu tố hoại tử khối u (TNF)-α và nitric oxide (NO). Cả hai đều tăng lên trong các bệnh thoái hóa thần kinh biểu hiện tình trạng viêm mãn tính, như trong bệnh Alzheimer. Chúng tôi chứng minh rằng MSC-EVs được các tế bào vi mạch hấp thụ. Hơn nữa, nghiên cứu của chúng tôi hỗ trợ việc sử dụng MSC-EVs như một công cụ điều trị đầy hứa hẹn để điều trị các bệnh viêm thần kinh.

Từ khóa

#tế bào đệm trung mạc #vesicle ngoại bào #tế bào vi mạch #β-amyloid #bệnh thoái hóa thần kinh

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