Sự tiếp xúc với các yếu tố môi trường và lối sống liên quan đến rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý ở trẻ em — Tổng quan các nghiên cứu dịch tễ học
Tóm tắt
Rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý (ADHD) là một trong những rối loạn phát triển thần kinh phổ biến nhất ở trẻ em. Mặc dù các cơ chế dẫn đến sự phát triển của ADHD vẫn chưa rõ ràng, nhưng các yếu tố di truyền và môi trường đã được xác định có liên quan. Những yếu tố này bao gồm kim loại nặng và tiếp xúc với hóa chất, yếu tố dinh dưỡng và lối sống/tâm lý xã hội. Mục tiêu của bài tổng quan này là điều tra mối liên hệ giữa ADHD hoặc các triệu chứng liên quan đến ADHD và những yếu tố môi trường phổ biến như phthalates, bisphenol A (BPA), khói thuốc lá, hydrocarbon thơm đa vòng (PAHs), hóa chất polyfluoroalkyl (PFCs) và rượu. Tìm kiếm trên Medline, PubMed và Ebsco đã được thực hiện để xác định các nghiên cứu phân tích mối liên hệ giữa sự tiếp xúc với chất độc môi trường trước và sau khi sinh đối với trẻ em và ADHD hoặc các triệu chứng liên quan đến ADHD. Bài tổng quan này chỉ tập trung vào các nghiên cứu trên con người được công bố từ năm 2000 trở đi, bằng tiếng Anh, trong các tạp chí đã được kiểm duyệt. Mặc dù đã có nhiều nghiên cứu về mối liên hệ giữa các yếu tố nguy cơ môi trường và ADHD hoặc triệu chứng ADHD, kết quả không đồng nhất. Hầu hết các nghiên cứu trong lĩnh vực này, tập trung vào sự tiếp xúc với khói thuốc lá, đã tìm thấy mối liên hệ giữa sự tiếp xúc đó với ADHD và các triệu chứng ADHD. Mặt khác, tác động của phthalates, BPA, PFCs, PAHs và rượu ít được nghiên cứu hơn và không cho phép đưa ra kết luận chắc chắn về mối liên hệ với các kết quả quan tâm.
Từ khóa
#Rối loạn tăng động giảm chú ý #yếu tố môi trường #yếu tố lối sống #phthalates #bisphenol A #khói thuốc lá #hydrocarbon thơm đa vòng #hóa chất polyfluoroalkyl #alcohol.Tài liệu tham khảo
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