Exploring the socio-cultural challenges of food processing women entrepreneurs in IRINGA, TANZANIA and strategies used to tackle them

Ali, A. H., & Ali, A. Y. (2013). Challenges and constraints faced by Somali women entrepreneurs in Benadir region. Interdisciplinary J Contemp Res Bus, 5(2), 436-411. Amine, L. S., & Staub, K. M. (2009). Women entrepreneurs in sub-Saharan Africa: An institutional theory analysis from social marketing point of wiew. Entrep Reg Dev, 21(2), 183–211. ASSP. (2014). Agriculture statistics strategic plan( 2014/15–2018/19),national team 2014. Retrieved from www.nbs.go.tz/nbs/takwimu/Agriculture/Agriculture_statistics_strategic_plan2014-15_2018-19.pdf Audretsch, D. B., Grilo, I., & Thurik, A. R. (2007). Handbook of research on entrepreneurship policy. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, inc.. Baron, R. A. (2013). Enhancing entrepreneurial excellence: Tool for making the possible real. UK: Edward Elgar Publishing, Inc. Belwal, R., Tamiru, M., & Singh, G. (2012). Microfinance and sustained economic improvement:Women small scale entrepreneurs in Ethiopia. Journal of International Development, 24(S1). Brush, C. G., De Bruin, A., & Welter, F. (2009). A gender-aware framework for women's entrepreneurship. Inter J Gender Entrep, 1(1), 8–24. Bryman, A. (2012). Social research methods. New York: Oxford University Press. Cresswell, J. W. (2014). Research design:Qualitative,Quantitative and mixed methods approaches (4th ed.). Uk: SAGE Publications. Datta, P. B., & Gailey, R. (2012). Empowering women through social entrepreneurship: Case study of a women's cooperative in India. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 36(3), 569–587. Deakins, D., & Freel, M. (2009). Entrepreneurship and small firms (5th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. Denscombe, M. (2013). The good research guide: For small-scale social research projects. New York: Open University Press. Donner, J., & Escobari, M. (2009). A review of the research on mobile use by micro and small enterprise(SMEs). International Conference on Information and Communication Technologies and Development (ICTD), 2009 International Conference on (pp. 17–26). IEEE. Eddleston, K. A., Kellermanns, F. W., & Zellweger, T. M. (2012). Exploring the entrepreneurial behaviour of family firms: Does the stewardship perspective explain differences? J Entrep Theory Pract, 36(2), 347–367. Ewere, A. D., Adu, E. O., & Ibrahim, S. I. (2015). Strategies adopted by women entrepreneurs to ensure small business success in the Nkonkobe municipality, eastern cape. Journal of Economics, 6(1), 1–7. Fetterman, D. M. (1998). Ethnographic: Step by step. Thousand. Oaks: CA, Sage. Fischer, E. M., Reuber, A. R., & Dyke, L. S. (1993). A theoretical overview and extension of research on sex, gender and entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing, 8(2), 151–168. Flick, U. (2009). An introduction to qualitative research. London: SAGE Publications Ltd.. Foroudastan, S. D., & Dees, O. (2006). Solar power and Sustainability in developing countries. proceeding of International Conference on renewable energy for developing countries, (pp. 1–13). Gichuki, C. N., Mulu-Mutuki, M., & Kinuthia, L. N. (2014). Performance of women owned entreprises accessing credit from village credit and savings associations in Kenya. J Glob Entrep Res, 4(1), 16. Gliner, J. A., Morgan, G. A., & Leech, N. L. (2009). Research methods in applied setting: An integrated approach to design and analysis. New York: Routledge, Taylor and Francis group. Gorji, M. B., & Rahimian, P. (2011). The study of barriers to entrepreneurship in men and women. Aust J Bus Manage Res, 1(9), 31–36. Greer, M., Greene, P. G., & Butler, J. E. (2003). Feminist theory and the study of entrepreneurship:In new perspectives on women entrepreneurs,Research in entrepreneurship and management. Greenwich: Information Age Publishing. Hisrich, R. D., & Peters, M. P. (2002). Entrepreneurship (5th ed.). New Delhi: McGraw-Hill. Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277–1288. Huyer, S., & Sikoska, T. (2003). Overcoming the Gender Digital Divide:Understanding ICT nad their potential for the women empowerment. INSTRAW RESEARCH PAPER SERIES NO 1. Ihugba, O. A., & Njoku, A. C. (2014). Theoretical analysis of entrepreneurship challenges and prospects in Nigeria. Int Lett Soc Humanistic Sci, 5, 21–34. ILO. (2002). Report on women entrepreneurship in Tanzania: Jobs;gender and small entreprise in Africa. Dar es salaam: University of Dar es salaam Entrepreneurship centre(UDEC). Jagero, N., & Kushoka, I. (2011). Challenges facing women micro entrepreneurs in Dar es salaam,Tanzania. Int J Human Resour Stud, 1(2), 1. Jamali, D. (2009). Cosntraints and opportunities facing women entrepreneurs in developing countries: A relational perspective. Gender Manage, 24(4), 232–251. Jennings, J. E., & Brush, C. G. (2013). Research on women entrepreneurs: Challenges to (and from) the broader entrepreneurship literature? The Academy of Management Annals, 7(10), 663–715. Kapinga, A. F., Montero, C. S., & Mbise, E. R. (2016). Investigating women entrepreneurs usage of mobile technology for accessing market information in Iringa, Tanzania, International conference on interactive mobile communication, technologies and learning (IMCL) (pp. 73–77). San Diego: IEEE. Kumar, D., Hossain, A., & Gope, M. C. (2013). Role of micro-credit program in empowering rural women in Bangladesh. Asian Bus Rev, 3(4), 114–120. Kuratko, D. (2011). Entrepreneurship:An introduction (8th ed.). New Delhi: South-western Cengage Learning. Kutanis, R. O., & Bayraktaroglu, S. (2003). Female entrepreneurs :Feminist insight for overcoming the barriers. Gender Perspactives and management. Turkey: Sakarya University. Longenecker, J. G., Moore, C. W., & Petty, J. W. (2003). Small business management:An entrepreneurial emphasis (12th ed.). USA: Thomson South-West. Magesa, C., Shimba, C., & Magombola, D. (2013). Investigating impediments towards access to financial services by women entrepreneurs: A case of Arumeru District. Dev Country Stud, 3(11), 105–115. Majenga, A., & Mashenene, R. G. (2015). Socio-cultural factors and financial performance among women small and medium enterprises in Tanzania. Eur J Bus Manage, 6(32), 153–163. Marlow, S., & Patton, D. (2005). All credit to men? Entrepreneurship, finance, and gender. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 29(6), 717–735. Martin, P., & Banaras. (2013). The experience of women in male-dominated occupation: A constructive grounded theory inquiry. SA J Ind Pyschology, 29(2), 01–12. Mashenene, R. G., Macha, J. G., & Donge, L. (2014). Socio-cultural determinants of entrepreneurial capabilities among the Chagga and Sukuma small and medium enterprises in Tanzania. J Econ Sustainable Dev, 5(17), 90–103. Masuki, K. F., Kamugisha, R., Mowo, J. G., Tanui, J., Tukahirwa, J., Mogoi, J., & Adera, E. O. (2010). Role of mobile phones in improving communication and information delivery for agricultural development:Lesson from south western Uganda, ICT and development-research voice from Africa.International Federation for Information Processing (IFIP), technical commission 9-relationship between computers and society (pp. 1–14). Uganda: Makerere University. Maziku, P., Majenga, A., & Mashenene, G. R. (2014). The effect of socio-cultural factors on the performance of women small and medium enterprises in Tanzania. J Econ Sustainable Dev, 5(21), 51–62. Mmasa, J. J. (2013). Policy Brief No 8: Participation of women in Agriculture in Tanzania: Challenges and Policy Recommendations. Retrieved from www.clknet.or.tz/wp-content/uploads/2013/12/PB_20_Value-Addition-Practices-to-AgriculturalCommodities-in-Tanzania.pdf Mordi, C., Singh, S., & Okafor, C. (2010). The role of cultural values in understanding the challenges faced by female entrepreneurs in Nigeria: Gender in management. Int J, l25(1), 5–21. Munyua, A. W., & Mureithi, M. (2008). Harnessing the power of the cell phone by women entrepreneurs: New Frontiers in the gender equation in Kenya. Kenya: Grace Project Research. Okafor, C., & Mordi, C. (2010). Women entreprneurship development in Nigeria: The effect of environmental factors. Econ Sci Ser, LXII(4), 43–53. Okuruf, F. N., & Ama, N. O. (2013). Assessing factors that affect women and youth micro-entrepreneurs in Botswana. Int J Acad Res Econ Manage Sci, 2(1), 306–332. Olomi, D. (2009). African entrepreneurship and small business development: Context and process. Otme Company Limited: Dar es Salaam. Pines, A. D., Learner, M., & Schwartz, D. (2010). Gender differences in entrepreneurship: Equality diversity and conclusion time of global crisis. Int J, 29(2), 186–198. Rutashobya, L. K., & Nchimbi, M. I. (1999). The African women entrepreneurship: knowledge gaps and priority areas for future research. African Entrepreneurship and Small business development. Saunders, M., Lewis, P., & Thornhill, A. (2009). Research methods for business students (5th ed.). Italy: Rotolito Lombarda. Scott, L., Dolan, C., Johnstone-Louis, S., & K., & Wu, M. (2012). Enterprise and inequality: A study of Avon in South Africa. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 543–568. Scott, W. R. (2001). Institutions and organizations. Thousands Oaks: Sage. Siddiqui, A. B. (2012). Problems enccountered by women entrepreneurs in India. International Journal of Applies Research and Studies, ISSN 2278–9480,Vol 1,Issue II, Sept-Nov,2012/189. Singal, R. K. (2009). Entrepreneurship development and management. New Delhi: S.K.Kataria and Sons. Singh, G., & Belwal, R. (2008). Entrepreneurship and SMEs in Ethiopia: Evaluating the Role, prospects, and problems faced by women in this emergent sector: Gender in Management. Int J, 23(2), 120–136. Storey, D. (1994). Understanding the small business sector. London: Routldge. The United Republic of Tanzania (URT). (2015). Annual report for financial year 2014/2015. Dar es Salaam: Ministry of Agriculture, food security and cooperatives. Vecian, J. M., & Urbano, D. (2008). The Institutional approach to entrepreneurship research: Introduction. International Entrepreneurship Management Journal, 365–379. Wasihun, R., & Paul, I. (2010). Growth determinants of wwomen-operated micro and small enterprise in Adis Ababa. J Sustainable Dev Africa, 12(6), 233–246. Wetherly, P., & Otter, D. (2011). The business environment (2nd ed.). USA: Oxford university press. Woldie, A., & Adersua, A. (2004). Female entrepreneurs in a transitional economy: Business women in Nigeria. International Journal of Social Economics, 31(1/2), 78–90. Yusuf, L. (2013). Influence of gender and cultural beliefs on women entrepreneurs in developing economy. Sch J Bus Adm, 3(5), 117–119.