Sự tiến hóa của mã di truyền: tối ưu hóa một mã ngẫu nhiên một phần để tăng cường khả năng chống lại lỗi dịch trong một bối cảnh sức khỏe gồ ghề
Tóm tắt
Bảng mã di truyền tiêu chuẩn có cấu trúc rõ rệt không ngẫu nhiên, với các axit amin tương tự thường được mã hóa bởi các chuỗi codon khác nhau chỉ bằng một sự thay thế nucleotide, thường ở vị trí thứ ba hoặc thứ nhất của codon. Đã có nhiều tranh luận cho rằng cấu trúc này của mã là kết quả của việc tối ưu hóa chọn lọc cho khả năng chống lại các lỗi dịch sao cho việc đọc nhầm trong quá trình dịch có tác động tiêu cực tối thiểu. Thực tế, đã có một số nghiên cứu cho thấy mã chuẩn có tính chống chịu tốt hơn so với phần lớn các mã ngẫu nhiên. Tuy nhiên, vẫn chưa rõ mã chuẩn đã trải qua bao nhiêu sự tiến hóa, mức tối ưu hóa là gì và điểm khởi đầu có khả năng là gì.
Từ khóa
#mã di truyền #tối ưu hóa #lỗi dịch #mã ngẫu nhiên #tiến hóaTài liệu tham khảo
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