Evolution of the adaptogenic concept from traditional use to medical systems: Pharmacology of stress‐ and aging‐related diseases

Medicinal Research Reviews - Tập 41 Số 1 - Trang 630-703 - 2021
Alexander Panossian1, Thomas Efferth2, Alexander N. Shikov3, Olga N. Pozharitskaya4, Kenny Kuchta5, Pulok K. Mukherjee6, Subhadip Banerjee6, Michael Heinrich7, Wanying Wu8, De‐an Guo8, Hildebert Wagner9
1Phytomed AB, Vaxtorp, Sweden
2Department of Pharmaceutical Biology, Institute of Pharmacy and Biochemistry, Johannes Gutenberg University, Mainz, Germany
3Department of technology of dosage forms, Saint-Petersburg State Chemical-Pharmaceutical University, St. Petersburg, Russia
4Department of Biotechnology, Murmansk Marine Biological Institute of the Kola Science Center of the Russian Academy of Sciences (MMBI KSC RAS), Murmansk, Russia
5Department of Far Eastern Medicine, Clinic for Gastroenterology and Gastrointestinal Oncology University Medical Center Göttingen Göttingen Germany
6Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Natural Product Studies, Jadavpur University, Kolkata, India
7Research Cluster Biodiversity and Medicines, UCL School of Pharmacy, Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, University of London, London, UK
8Shanghai Research Center for TCM Modernization, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
9Department of Pharmacy, Center for Pharma Research Ludwig‐Maximilians‐Universität München Munich Germany

Tóm tắt

AbstractAdaptogens comprise a category of herbal medicinal and nutritional products promoting adaptability, resilience, and survival of living organisms in stress. The aim of this review was to summarize the growing knowledge about common adaptogenic plants used in various traditional medical systems (TMS) and conventional medicine and to provide a modern rationale for their use in the treatment of stress‐induced and aging‐related disorders. Adaptogens have pharmacologically pleiotropic effects on the neuroendocrine‐immune system, which explain their traditional use for the treatment of a wide range of conditions. They exhibit a biphasic dose‐effect response: at low doses they function as mild stress‐mimetics, which activate the adaptive stress‐response signaling pathways to cope with severe stress. That is in line with their traditional use for preventing premature aging and to maintain good health and vitality. However, the potential of adaptogens remains poorly explored. Treatment of stress and aging‐related diseases require novel approaches. Some combinations of adaptogenic plants provide unique effects due to their synergistic interactions in organisms not obtainable by any ingredient independently. Further progress in this field needs to focus on discovering new combinations of adaptogens based on traditional medical concepts. Robust and rigorous approaches including network pharmacology and systems pharmacology could help in analyzing potential synergistic effects and, more broadly, future uses of adaptogens. In conclusion, the evolution of the adaptogenic concept has led back to basics of TMS and a new level of understanding of holistic approach. It provides a rationale for their use in stress‐induced and aging‐related diseases.

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