Evaluation of the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil of Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi in rats
Tóm tắt
Concerning the different effects of essential oils from Nepeta genus on the central nervous system including pain killing effect, this study was designed to evaluate the antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory effects of essential oil of Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi (NP), a recently identified species. Air-dried aerial parts of NP were hydrodistillated and GC-MS analysis of obtained essential oil was conducted. Total 24 male Wister rats weighing 225 ± 25 gm were studied. Essential oil of NP was administered intraperitoneally at the doses of 50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg for the experimental groups. Control rats received equal volume (2 ml/kg) of normal saline. Antinociception was assessed by tail flick test (after 30 minutes) and formalin test (for further 60 minutes). Then the animal was sacrificed and the paw edema was measured using a water plethysmometer. 4aα,7α,7aβ-nepetalactone and 1,8-cineole were found as the main concentrated components of NP essential oil. All the doses of NP showed antinociception. NP 200 mg/kg reduced the pain sensation in tail flick (p <0.01) and formalin test (p <0.001 in both phases). In paw edema test, NP 100 and 200 mg/kg significantly reduced the inflammation (p <0.01 and p <0.05). This study reveals that the essential oil of NP may minimize both the acute and chronic forms of nociception and may have potent role against inflammation, but the dose should be maintained precisely to obtain the intended effect.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Jamzad Z, Ingrouille M, Simmonds M: Three new species of Nepeta (Laminaceae) from Iran. Taxon. 2003, 52: 92-98.
Grognet J: Catnip, its uses and effects, past & present. Can Vet J. 1990, 31: 455-456.
Javidnia K, Miri R, Safavi F, Azarpira A, Shafiee A: Composition of the essential oil of Nepeta persica Boiss from Iran. Flavour Fragr J. 2002, 17: 20-22. 10.1002/ffj.1023.
Baser KHC, Kirimer N, Kerkcuoglu M, Demirci B: Essential oil of Nepeta species in Turkey. Chem Nat Comp. 2000, 36: 356-359. 10.1023/A:1002832628159.
Newall CA, Anderson LA, Phillipson JD: Herbal Medicines, a Guide for Health Care Professionals. 1996, London: Pharmaceutical Press, 154-
Jamzad Z, Assadi M: New species of Nepeta and Ajuga. Ind Jf Botany. 1984, 2: 95-103.
Mozaffarian V: A dictionary of Iranian plant names. 1996, Tehran: Farhang Moaser
Joudi L, Bibalani GH: Exploration of medicinal species of Fabaceae, lamiacea and Asteraceae families in llkhji region, eastern Azerbaijan province (Northwestern Iran). J Med Plant Res. 2010, 4: 1081-1084.
Sefidkon F, Akbari-nia A: Essential oil composition of Nepeta pogonosperma Jamzad et Assadi from Iran. J Essent Oil Res. 2003, 15: 327-328. 10.1080/10412905.2003.9698601.
Javidnia K, Miri R, Safavi F, Azarpira A, Shafiee A: Composition of the essential oil of Nepeta persica Boiss. from Iran. Flav Frag J. 2002, 17: 20-22. 10.1002/ffj.1023.
Santos FA, Rao VS: Antiinflammatory and antonociceptive effects of 1,8-cineole a terpenoid oxide present in many plant essential oils. Phytother Res. 2000, 14: 240-244. 10.1002/1099-1573(200006)14:4<240::AID-PTR573>3.0.CO;2-X.
Juergens UR, Engelen T, Racké K, Stöber M, Gillissen A, Vetter H: Inhibitory activity of 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) on cytokine production in cultured human lymphocytes and monocytes. Pulm Pharmacol Ther. 2004, 17: 281-287. 10.1016/j.pupt.2004.06.002.
Juergens UR, Dethlefsen U, Steinkamp G, Gillissen A, Repges R, Vetter H: Anti-inflammatory activity of 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol) in bronchial asthma: a double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Respir Med. 2003, 97: 250-256. 10.1053/rmed.2003.1432.
Martínez AL, González-Truzano ME, Pellicer F, López-Muñoz FJ, Navarrete A: Antonociceptive effect and GC/MS analysis of Roamarinus officinalis L. essential oil from its aerial parts. Planta Med. 2009, 75: 508-511. 10.1055/s-0029-1185319.
Aydin S, Beis R, OztÜrk Y, Baser KH: Nepetalactone: a new opioid analgesic from Nepeta caesarea Boiss. J Pharm Pharmacol. 1998, 50: 813-817.
Harney JW, Barofsky IM: Behavioral and toxicological studies of cyclopentanoid monoterpenes from Nepeta cataria. Lloydia. 1978, 41: 367-374.
Ricci EL, Toyama DO, Lago JHG, Romoff P, Kirsten TB, Reis-Silva TM, Bernardi MM: Anti-nociceptive and anti-inflammatory actions of Nepeta cataria L. var. citridora (Becker) Balb. essenmtial oil in mice. J Health Sci Inst. 2010, 28: 289-293.
Miceli N, Taviano MF, Giuffrida D, Trovato A, Tzakou O, Galati EM: Anti-inflammatory activity of extract and fractions from Nepeta sibthorpil Bentham. J Ethnopharmaco. 2004, 97: 261-266.
Ali T, Javan M, Sonboli A, Semnanian S: Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil of Nepeta crispa Willd. in experimental rat models. Nat Prod Res. 2012, 26: 1529-34. 10.1080/14786419.2011.565284.
D’Amour FE, Smith DL: A method for determining loss of pain sensation. J Pharmacol Exo Ther. 1941, 72: 74-79.
Satarian L, Javan M, Fatollahi Y: Epinephrine inhibits analgesic tolerance to intrathecal administrated morphine and increase the expression of calcium-calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II∞. Neurosci Lett. 2008, 430: 213-217. 10.1016/j.neulet.2007.10.038.
Dubisson D, Dennis SG: The formalin test: a quantitative study of the analgesic effects of morphine, meperidine and brain stem stimulation in rats and cats. Pain. 1997, 4: 161-174.
Damaj MI, Glassco W, Aceto MD, Martin BR: Antinociceptive and pharmacological effects of metanicotine, a selective nicotinic agonist. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 1999, 291: 390-398.
Fereidoni M, Ahmadiani A, Semnanian S, Javan M: An accurate and simple method for measurement of paw edema. J Pharmacol Toxicol Methods. 2000, 43: 11-14. 10.1016/S1056-8719(00)00089-7.
Björkman R: Central antinociceptive effects of non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs and paracetamol. Experimental studies in the rat. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand Suppl. 1995, 103: 1-44.
King TE, Joynes RL, Grau JW: Tail-Flick test: II. The role of supraspinal systems and avoidance learning. Behav Neurosci. 1997, 111: 754-767.
Aydin S, Demir T, Oztürk Y, Baser KH: Analgesic activity of Nepeta italica L. Phytother Re. 1999, 13: 20-23. 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1573(199902)13:1<20::AID-PTR380>3.0.CO;2-J.
Liapi C, Anifandis G, Chinou I, Kourounakis AP, Theodosopoulos US, Galanopoulou P: Antinociceptive properties of 1,8-Cineole and beta-pinene, from the essential oil of Eucalyptus camaldulensis leaves, in rodents. Planta Med. 2007, 73: 1247-1254. 10.1055/s-2007-990224.