Evaluation of in vitro and in vivo anthelmintic efficacy of Cyperus compressus Linn., a traditionally used anthelmintic plant in parasite-animal models
Tóm tắt
The decoction of the roots of Cyperus compressus (Cyperaceae) is used to treat helminth infection by the Santhal tribe of Assam. The study evaluated the anthelmintic efficacy claims of the plant C. compressus through pre-clinical in vitro and in vivo studies employing available parasite-animal models such as Hymenolepis diminuta-Wistar rat (cestode) and Syphacia obvelata-Swiss mice (nematode) models. Phytochemical analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, glycosides, reducing sugars, flavonoids, terpenoids, tannins, and steroids. In vitro studies were conducted employing H. diminuta and S. obvelata. In vitro studies against H. diminuta revealed mortality of parasites at 8.3 ± 0.05 h at the highest concentration of C. compressus methanolic root extract (30 mg/ml), whereas reference drug praziquantel (PZQ), showed mortality at 5.84 ± 0.01 h. Against S. obvelata, in the same concentration of the extract, mortality of parasites occurred in a much later time of 24.13 ± 0.03 h, whereas in the reference drug albendazole (ABZ), the parasites showed mortality at 7.24 ± 0.08 h. In vivo studies against H. diminuta revealed 61.74% reduction in the eggs per gram (EPG) counts and 24% reduction in worm counts at the highest dose of 700 mg/kg body weight (b.w.) of plant extract. Against S. obvelata, at 700 mg/kg b.w., 28.92% and 33.85% reduction in EPG and worm counts were recorded respectively. Although the reference drugs showed better in vitro and in vivo efficacy, the plant extract showed a better in vitro efficacy against cestode parasite compared to its nematode counterpart indicating that it possesses a better cestocidal efficacy. EPG reductions were higher against H. diminuta, whereas worm count reduction was higher against S. obvelata. The findings justify the use of C. compressus as an anthelmintic in the traditional medicine of the Santhals of India.
Tài liệu tham khảo
Mitra AK, Mawson AR (2017) Neglected tropical diseases: epidemiology and global burden. Trop Med Infect Dis 2(3):36. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3390/tropicalmed2030036
WHO (2020) Fact sheets. Soil-transmitted helminth infections. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/soil-transmitted-helminth-infections. Accessed 16 April 2020
Salam N, Azam S (2017) Prevalence and distribution of soil-transmitted helminth infections in India. BMC Public Health 17(1):201. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-017-4113-2
Deori K, Yadav AK (2016) Anthelmintic effects of Oroxylum indicum stem bark extract on juvenile and adult stages of Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda), an in vitro and in vivo study. Parasitol Res 115(3):1275–1285. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s00436-015-4864-6
Ozioma EOJ, Chinwe OAN (2019) Herbal medicine. In: Builders P (ed) Herbal medicines in African traditional medicine. IntechOpen. http://dx.doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.80348
Chanda S, Parekh J, Vaghasiya Y, Dave R, Baravalia Y, Nair R (2015) Medicinal plants - from traditional use to toxicity assessment: a review. Int J Pharm Sci Res 6(7):2652–2670. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.13040/IJPSR.0975-8232.6(7).2652-70
Gogoi S, Yadav AK (2017) Therapecutic efficacy of the leaf extract of Croton joufra Roxb. Against experimental cestodiasis in rats. J Parasit Dis 41(2):417–422. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-016-0819-9
Gogoi S, Yadav AK (2016) In vitro and in vivo anthelmintic effects of Caesalpinia bonducella (L.) Roxb. Leaf extract on Hymenolepis diminuta (Cestoda) and Syphacia obvelata (Nematoda). J Intercult Ethnopharmacol 5(4):427–433. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5455/jice.20160821024821
Bhandari MM (1978) Flora of Indian Desert. Jodhpur, India, Scientific Publishers
India Biodiversity Portal (2020) Cyperus compressus. L. https://indiabiodiversity.org/species/show/229407. Accessed 23 July 2020.
Soren AD, Yadav AK, Dhar ED (2019) Toxological evaluation of Cyperus compressus Linn. A traditionally used anthelmintic plant in India. Orient Pharm Exp Med 2019:1–6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1007/s13596-019-00413-w
Dangol DR, Gurung SB (1991) Ethnobotany of the Tharu tribe of Chitwan district, Nepal. Int J Pharmacogn 29(3):203–209. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.3109/13880209109082879
Davuluri T, Chennuru S, Pathipati M, Krovvidi S, Rao GS (2020) In vitro anthelmintic activity of three tropical plant extracts on Haemonchus contortus. Acta Parasitol 65(1):11–18. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.2478/s11686-019-00116-x
Ishnava KB, Konar PS (2020) In vitro anthelmintic activity and phytochemical characterization of Corallocarpus epigaeus (Rottler) Hook. f. tuber from ethyl acetate extracts. Bull Natl res cent 44:33. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1186/s42269-020-00286-z
Yongwa G, Ngnoda BFNF, Ndjonka D, Saotoing P (2020) In vitro anthelmintic activity of aqueous and ethanolic extract of Senna italica (Caesalpiniaceae) on three-stages of Haemonchus contortus. J Pharm Res Int 32(3):25–34. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2020/v32i330411
Rates SMK (2001) Plants as source of drugs. Toxicon 39:603–613. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/S0041-0101(00)00154-9
OECD 407 (2008) OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development, Paris, France
Trease GE, Evans WC (2002) Pharmacognosy, 15th edn. Saunders Publishers, London
Sofowora A (1993) Screening plants for bioactive agents, Medicinal plants and traditional medicine in Africa, 2nd edn. Spectrum Books Limited, Sunshine House, Ibadan, Nigeria
Girach RD, Khan H, Ahmad M (2003) Botanical identification of Thuhar, seldom used as Unani medicine. Hamdard Med XLVI (1):27–33
Rameshkumar KB, Sudheesh N, George V, Mohanan N (2011) Volatile constituents of the roots of Cyperus compressus Linn. J Essent Oil Res 23(3):39–41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.2011.9700455
Datta S, Seal T, Sinha BK, Bhattacharjee S (2018) RP-HPLC based evidences of rich sources of phenolics and water-soluble vitamins in an annual sedge Cyperus compressus. J Phytopharmacol 7(3):305–311